Expériences sociales célèbres
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Catégorisation sociale : Rosenhan & alii
The Hawthorne effect is a form of reactivity whereby subjects improve or modify an aspect of their behavior being experimentally measured simply in response to the fact that they know they are being studied, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] not in response to any particular experimental manipulation. [ edit ] History
Hawthorne effect
The Third Wave was an experiment to demonstrate that even democratic societies are not immune to the appeal of fascism . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was undertaken by history teacher Ron Jones with sophomore high school students attending his "Contemporary World" history class [ 1 ] as part of a study of Nazi Germany . [ 3 ] The experiment took place at Cubberley High School in Palo Alto , California , during the first week of April 1967. [1] Jones, unable to explain to his students how the German population could claim ignorance of the extermination of the Jewish people , decided to show them instead. [ 3 ] Jones started a movement called "The Third Wave" and told his students that the movement aimed to eliminate democracy. [ 1 ] The idea that democracy emphasizes individuality was considered as a drawback of democracy, and Jones emphasized this main point of the movement in its motto: "Strength through discipline, strength through community, strength through action, strength through pride." [ 1 ]
The Third Wave
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. La Troisième Vague désigne une étude expérimentale du fascisme , menée par le professeur d’histoire Ron Jones avec des élèves de première du lycée Cubberley à Palo Alto ( Californie ) pendant la première semaine d’avril 1967, dans le cadre d’un cours sur l’ Allemagne nazie . N’arrivant pas à expliquer à ses élèves comment les citoyens allemands avaient pu, sans réagir, laisser le parti nazi procéder au génocide de populations entières, Ron Jones décida d’organiser une mise en situation. Il fonda un mouvement nommé « La Troisième Vague », dont l’idéologie vantait les mérites de la discipline et de l’esprit de corps, et qui visait à la destruction de la démocratie , considérée comme un mauvais régime en raison de l’accent qu’elle place sur l’individu plutôt que sur la communauté. L'expérience de la Troisième Vague a inspiré le film La Vague .
La Troisième Vague
La Vague (film)
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Pour les articles homonymes, voir La Vague . La Vague
Asch conformity experiments
During the 1950s, Solomon Asch conducted and published a series of laboratory experiments that demonstrated the degree to which an individual's own opinions are influenced by those of a majority group. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Together, these experiments are recognized as the Asch conformity experiments or the Asch Paradigm . The methodology developed by Asch has been utilised by many researchers and the paradigm is in use in present day social psychology . The paradigm has been used to investigate the relationship between conformity and task importance , [ 5 ] age , [ 6 ] gender , [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] and culture . [ 5 ] [ 10 ] [ edit ] Initial conformity experimentUn article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. L' expérience de Asch , publiée en 1951 , est une expérience du psychologue Solomon Asch qui démontre le pouvoir du conformisme sur les décisions d'un individu au sein d'un groupe [ 1 ] . Description de l'expérience [ modifier ]
Expérience de Asch
Expérience de Milgram de soumission à l'autorité
The Stanford prison experiment was a study of the psychological effects of becoming a prisoner or prison guard . The experiment was conducted at Stanford University from August 14 to August 20 of 1971 by a team of researchers led by psychology professor Philip Zimbardo . [ 1 ] It was funded by the US Office of Naval Research [ 2 ] and was of interest to both the US Navy and Marine Corps as an investigation into the causes of conflict between military guards and prisoners. 24 male students out of 75 were selected to take on randomly assigned roles of prisoners and guards in a mock prison situated in the basement of the Stanford psychology building. The participants adapted to their roles well beyond Zimbardo's expectations, as the guards enforced authoritarian measures and ultimately subjected some of the prisoners to psychological torture .
Stanford prison experiment
Expérience de Stanford
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. L’ expérience de Stanford ( effet Lucifer ) est une étude de psychologie expérimentale menée par Philip Zimbardo en 1971 sur les effets de la situation carcérale. Elle fut réalisée avec des étudiants qui jouaient des rôles de gardiens et de prisonniers. Elle visait à étudier le comportement de personnes ordinaires dans un tel contexte et eut pour effet de montrer que c'était la situation plutôt que la personnalité des participants qui était à l'origine de comportements parfois à l'opposé des valeurs professées par les participants avant le début de l'étude.
July/August 2011 > Features > Stanford Prison Experiment
What happened in the basement of the psych building 40 years ago shocked the world. How do the guards, prisoners and researchers in the Stanford Prison Experiment feel about it now?