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Electronics

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Integrated Circuits

Thermoelectric effect. The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa. A thermoelectric device creates voltage when there is a different temperature on each side. Conversely, when a voltage is applied to it, it creates a temperature difference. At the atomic scale, an applied temperature gradient causes charge carriers in the material to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side. This effect can be used to generate electricity, measure temperature or change the temperature of objects. Seebeck effect[edit] The Seebeck effect is the conversion of temperature differences directly into electricity and is named after the Baltic German physicist Thomas Johann Seebeck, who, in 1821, discovered that a compass needle would be deflected by a closed loop formed by two different metals joined in two places, with a temperature difference between the junctions.

Where is the local voltage[2] and is the local conductivity. Is the gradient in temperature . And .

Tools and equipment

All About Circuits : Video Lectures. Mad Scientist Hut Supplies for the home electronics enthusiast. Circuit Boards. Hobby Engineering Home Page. Various Schematics and Diagrams. DIY Hobby Electronics.