Biology of Plagues: Evidence from Historical Populations eBook. World History International: World History Essays From Prehistory To The Present. Oswald Spengler. Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler (29 May 1880 – 8 May 1936) was a German historian and philosopher of history whose interests included mathematics, science, and art. He is best known for his book The Decline of the West (Der Untergang des Abendlandes), published in 1918 and 1922, covering all of world history. He proposed a new theory, according to which the lifespan of civilizations is limited and ultimately they decay. He wrote extensively throughout World War I and the interwar period, and supported German hegemony in Europe. His other writings made little impact outside Germany.
Biography[edit] Oswald's patrilineal grandfather, Theodor Spengler (1806–76), was a metallurgical inspector (Hütteninspektor) in Altenbrak.[3] Oswald's father, Bernhard Spengler, held the position of a postal secretary (Postsekretär) and was a hard-working man with a marked dislike of intellectualism, who tried to instil the same values and attitudes in his son. Impact[edit] Aftermath[edit] Final years[edit] Bubonic plague. Bubonic plague is a zoonotic disease, circulating mainly in fleas on small rodents, and is one of three types of bacterial infections caused by Yersinia pestis (formerly known as Pasteurella pestis), that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Without treatment, the bubonic plague kills about two thirds of infected humans within four days. The term bubonic plague is derived from the Greek word βουβών, meaning "groin. " Swollen lymph nodes (buboes) especially occur in the armpit and groin in persons suffering from bubonic plague. Bubonic plague was often used synonymously for plague, but it does in fact refer specifically to an infection that enters through the skin and travels through the lymphatics, as is often seen in flea-borne infections.
Signs and symptoms Acral necrosis of the nose, the lips, and the fingers and residual ecchymoses over both forearms in a patient recovering from bubonic plague that disseminated to the blood and the lungs. Cause Diagnosis Treatment History Black Death. Diseases in industrial cities in the Industrial Revolution. Disease accounted for many deaths in industrial cities during the Industrial Revolution. With a chronic lack of hygiene, little knowledge of sanitary care and no knowledge as to what caused diseases (let alone cure them), diseases such as cholera, typhoid and typhus could be devastating.
As the cities became more populated, so the problem got worse. A filthy "Father Thames" Cholera was a greatly feared disease. Caused by contaminated water, it could spread with speed and with devastating consequences. An attack of cholera is sudden and painful – though not necessarily fatal. Smallpox made a major re-occurrence in industrial cities even after Edward Jenner’s vaccine. Typhoid and typhus were as feared as cholera. The greatest killer in the cities was tuberculosis (TB). TB affected those who had been poorly fed and were under nourished. Though accurate records are difficult to acquire, it is believed that TB killed one-third of all those who died in Britain between 1800 and 1850.
Plague and the End of Antiquity: The Pandemic of 541750 eBook. Boccaccio: The Decameron - Introduction. Back to Medieval Source Book | ORB Main Page | Links to Other Medieval Sites | Medieval Sourcebook: Boccaccio: The Decameron - Introduction The onset of the Black Death, was described by Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) . I say, then, that the years of the beatific incarnation of the Son of God had reached the tale of one thousand three hundred and forty eight, when in the illustrious city of Florence, the fairest of all the cities of Italy, there made its appearance that deadly pestilence, which, whether disseminated by the influence of the celestial bodies, or sent upon us mortals by God in His just wrath by way of retribution for our iniquities, had had its origin some years before in the East, whence, after destroying an innumerable multitude of living beings, it had propagated itself without respite from place to place, and so calamitously, had spread into the West.