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Apt-get upgrade vs dist-upgrade: Here's the Difference. You’ll often see two of common ways of updating Debian and Ubuntu-based distributions: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgradesudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade The apt-get update part updates the local package cache and thus tells your system about the packages that can be upgraded. However, many Linux users get confused between the use of apt-get upgrade and apt-get dist-upgrade.

Are they the same, or is there a difference? In which cases should you use apt-get upgrade and when should you use apt-get dist-upgrade? In this article, I’ll explain the difference between apt-get upgrade and dist-upgrade. Difference between apt-get upgrade vs apt-get dist-upgrade Both upgrade and dist-upgrade are used for upgrading the installed packages on the system.

It also means you cannot upgrade the Linux kernel version with apt-get upgrade. Since it involves installing new packages, apt-get upgrade doesn’t upgrade the kernel. The dist-upgrade is a superset of upgrade. To summarize: How to Compare Binary Files on Linux. How can you check if two Linux binaries are the same? If they’re executable files, any differences might mean unwanted or malicious behavior. Here’s the easiest way to check if they differ. Comparing Binary Files Linux is rich in ways to compare and analyze text files. The diff command will compare two files for you, and highlight the differences. Developers and authors use diff to highlight the differences between different versions of program source code files, or draft texts. In the world of binary files, things aren’t so simple. If the binary file is an executable file, the numeric values of the file’s bytes are interpreted as such things as machine-code instructions for the CPU, metadata, labels, or encoded data.

It’s easy to spoof the creation or modification date and time of a file. Secure Hash Algorithms A secure hash algorithm is a math-based algorithm. You’ll often see the hash of a file displayed on its download page. Ls -l *.so sha256sum binary_file1.so sha256sum binary_file2.so. Ubuntu-cheat-sheet.png (PNG Image, 504x601 pixels) 5 Excellent Downloadable eBooks To Teach Yourself Linux. Advertisement Updated by Moe Long on January 8th 2017 So you have heard of all the advantages and geeky babble about how Linux is better and you have finally decided to try it? Just one thing, you don’t know an awful lot about Linux to get you started. If you’ve already checked out our guide to Linux and still need more, how about some free eBooks to teach yourself Linux, that you can download today? Would that help? Free, you ask? If you are starting out on your journey towards Linux awesomeness, here are a few free downloadable eBooks to teach yourself Linux that should help you along nicely: Getting Started Guide to Linux MakeUseOf’s very own Newbie’s Guide to Linux tells you how to choose a distribution and then teaches you how to perform a basic Linux install.

Stefan did a great job in keeping it simple and to the point, the way beginners want it. Introduction to Linux — A Hands on Guide Takes you from the absolute basics to basics. GNU/Linux Command Line Tools Summary User Mode Linux. The LiveCD List. How to Build a Linux Media Server - A step by step guide. Fix Unresponsive or Frozen Linux Computers using Shortcuts. Linux systems are known for their stable operation, designed to be operational without reboot for years. However if you still manage to pull a string and freeze up your computer there are quite a few ways to get the system back to work. You can login to a virtual console, use pgrep and pkill, use xkill, system monitor and kill the offending process if you are sure about them. Or if nothing works you can hit the power button may be?

But before you head towards that power button there is one last magical way to get back your system, and I am going to talk about it in this article. First off I am sure there would be many of us who don’t know that their keyboard has a sysrq key. A Magic SysRq Key lets you send some low level commands independent of the system state. So what’s the magic? Alt+PrintScreen+r+s+e+i+u+b. Pheew! As you see that pressing each letter accomplishes certain tasks, so it makes sense to press them one by one while having the Alt+PrintScreen combination depressed. And. Saving money with open source, Part 1: Use the Ubuntu operating system. Introduction Open source alternatives to expensive licensed products can save you a bundle. In this series, learn about three open source options for your operating system, office application suite, and groupware server.

Part 1 discusses Ubuntu, a community developed Linux-based operating system for laptops, desktops, and servers. Ubuntu contains many applications: a Web browser; presentation, document, and spreadsheet software; instant messaging; and much more. This article explores Ubuntu's: BenefitsUpdates and stabilityDesktop versionCompatibility and integration Hardware support Part 2 covers OpenOffice, the open source office software suite for word processing, spreadsheets, presentations, graphics, databases, etc. In Part 3, you learn about OpenChange, which provides a portable open source implementation of Microsoft® Exchange Server and Exchange protocols.

Back to top Benefits of Ubuntu Usability also affects the server environment. Ubuntu updates and stability Figure 1. Figure 2. How to Setup a Dedicated Web Server for Free. All great websites have a great server behind them. In this tutorial, I'll show you how to set up a dedicated web server (with Apache, MySQL, and PHP) using that old computer you have lying around the house and some free software. In this tutorial, we are aiming to accomplish several things: We're going to install the Ubuntu Server operating system.

I commonly use Ubuntu because of its ease of use and simple administration. It also has a rather large and extremely active community behind it, which makes getting support a breeze.We're going to install an OpenSSH server. In order to follow this tutorial, you're going to need a few items: A computer to use as your server. You may be asking why you'd want to have your own web server. First and foremost, we're going to need a CD with Ubuntu on it. Now you need to burn the ISO (the file that you downloaded) to a blank CD. Now that you've downloaded and burned the ISO, let's get Ubuntu installed on your server. Still with me? Congratulations! Windows Software Linux Software - Linux * Screw.

Free Open Source Softwares. Home>Mind Map - Free Open Source Softwares Download as Image Download as Image (600px) Download as File More MindMaps by RickNY Popular Today Looking for digital mind maps? Visit the Biggerplate.com mind map library. Free Open Source Softwares created by RickNY Views 1660 Related Featured Copyright © 2007 Mappio Mappio Home | Top MindMaps | Featured | Recent | News | Contact Us. 12 Commands Every Linux Newbie Should Learn - PCWorld Business Center. It's a testament to how far Linux has come that users today don't typically have to use the command line if they don't want to. Such is the quality of the graphical user interfaces in many modern Linux distributions that there's simply no need, in general. Yet the command line can be a highly efficient way of getting things done in the Linux world--it's often a much simpler, easier and more direct method than clicking through all the menu choices, in fact. I believe fear of the command line is one of the top mistakes newcomers to Linux sometimes make.

For that reason, let's look at some of the main commands any Linux user should know. 1. man I begin with the "man" command because in many ways it's the most fundamental. Essentially, "man" displays online manual pages to provide a basic introduction to the various other commands that are available. If you're ever unsure of a command you're about to use, try typing "man" along with the command to learn more about exactly what it does. 2. ls. Linux Network Configuration. Linux TCP/IP Network Configuration Files: Domain Resolution Configuration Files: File: /etc/resolv.conf - host name resolver configuration file search name-of-domain.com - Name of your domain or ISP's domain if using their name server nameserver XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX - IP address of primary name server nameserver XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX - IP address of secondary name server This configures Linux so that it knows which DNS server will be resolving domain names into IP addresses.

If using DHCP client, this will automatically be sent to you by the ISP and loaded into this file as part of the DHCP protocol. If using a static IP address, ask the ISP or check another machine on your network. Red Hat/Fedora GUI: /usr/sbin/system-config-network (select tab "DNS"). File: /etc/hosts - locally resolve node names to IP addresses 127.0.0.1 your-node-name.your-domain.com localhost.localdomain localhost XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX node-name Note when adding hosts to this file, place the fully qualified name first. Subnets: 5 Sources for Free and Legal Images. Everyone knows that almost any blog post is better with images. However, getting them can be a difficult matter. With a maze of licensing and fair use issues making it hard to decide what is and is not legal to use, many bloggers don’t wish to use images that they have not taken themselves.

But while using your own images is always the best way to go, there are several great sources to help you find and locate images that you can use as part of your blog posts. In fact, there are some very neat tools designed specifically to help you correctly license and use other people’s photography, art and more.

The best part of all is that these tools are free. They will not cost you a dime to use and, if used correctly, can let you fill up your blog posts with as many images as your heart desires. Photo Dropper Photo Dropper is hands down one of my favorite WordPress plugins. Photo Dropper is extremely simple to use. From there, you’ll be able to search for keywords related to your post. Zemanta. Linux Pack 2010: All-In-One Easy Installer. Back in July we, along with our good friends at Ninite, unveiled our MakeUseOf Pack of Windows software.

That was great, but we couldn’t leave our Linux friends out of the fun! While this pack is built primarily around Ubuntu, users of many Debian-based distributions should be able to make use of it. Simply check the programs you want, download a single .deb package and install it; Ninite will take care of the rest for you. The programs you can select from include: ChromeSkypePidginThunderbirdTransmissionBansheeVLCOpen OfficeGnome DoThe GIMPDropboxWineRestricted Extras (codecs, Java, Flash and more) Find the pack over at Ninite.com. Like the pack? Some handy Linux commands « The World of VoIP, Asterisk and Linux. On an asterisk system, I usually need the following very often: Sync contents of two folders: rsync -av --progress / / Check disk usage for a specific folder: du -sh Check available space on the hard drive: Truncate a log file, e.g. it happens sometimes that someone’s asterisk stops working because /var/log/asterisk/full has consumed all the hard disk space: cat /dev/null > /var/log/asterisk/full Find big directories which are consuming hard disk space.

Du -smh $( find $1 - type d -maxdepth 1 -xdev) | sort -g Convert MP3 file to 8KHz WAV, e.g. mysong1.mp3 to mysong1.wav . Lame --decode mysong1.mp3 mysong1.wav sox - v mysong1.wav -r 8000 -c 1 -w mysong1.wav Convert files from WAV to GSM: sox -r 8000 -c 1 resample -ql Backup the whole Linux system: tar -zcvpf /archive/full-backup-` date '+%d-%B-%Y' `. tar .gz --directory / --exclude=mnt --exclude=proc . The “–directory” option tells tar to first switch to the following directory path (the “/” directory in this example) prior to starting the backup. Welcome to coreboot - coreboot. Coreboot is an Open Source project aimed at replacing the proprietary BIOS (firmware) found in most computers. coreboot performs a little bit of hardware initialization and then executes additional boot logic, called a payload.

With the separation of hardware initialization and later boot logic, coreboot can scale from specialized applications that run directly from firmware, run operating systems in flash, load custom bootloaders, or implement firmware standards, like PC BIOS services or UEFI. This allows for systems to only include the features necessary in the target application, reducing the amount of code and flash space required. coreboot currently supports over 230 different mainboards. Check the Support page to see if your system is supported. coreboot was formerly known as LinuxBIOS. How To Set Up A Proxy Server In Ubuntu Linux. What is a proxy? Simply put, a proxy is an intermediate stop that your browser makes while requesting webpages and other web content from the Internet. Many companies legitimately use them so that they can filter content both for security purposes as perimeter control, as an anti-virus/anti-malware solution, or to make sure employees are adhering to Internet policy. When your browser makes a request, it first contacts the proxy server.

If the proxy server is also a cache – it will check the cache locally to see if the content already exists – if it does it will serve it locally, speeding up your browser experience considerably, or if it doesn’t, it makes a request for that content on the general web. The Easy Proxy For Ubuntu The ‘easiest’ way to create a proxy with Ubuntu is creating a tunnel through SSH. For a quick overview, you first must have an Ubuntu server with SSH access available to you. The Almost-Easy Proxy For Ubuntu The second way you can do this is to use a web proxy. Remote Desktop Between Ubuntu/Linux and Windows, Part I — Datamation.com. Updated March 9, 2011 / Posted January 23, 2009 By Eric Geier Do you use both Windows and Linux? Wish you could remote into Windows from Linux (Ubuntu or other distributions) or into Linux from Windows?

Well, you can. Just like when using a Remote Desktop Connection between Microsoft platforms (or remoting between Linux machines), you can bring up the desktop of the other platform. You can click around the desktop and run applications just as if you were sitting in front of the computer. We'll discuss a few different approaches you can take to get this remote desktop capability. Choosing a remote desktop protocol Remote desktop applications typically use either the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) or Virtual Network Computing (VNC) protocol.

Your first task should be evaluating which protocols are already supported by your computers. Here are a few more things for you to consider: Showthread. How to choose the best Linux distro for you. Welcome to coreboot - coreboot. Free Operating systems and commercial operating systems. How To Set Up A Home Server With Amahi [Linux] The best Linux distros you've never heard of. Virtualization done easily with VirtualBox | Build a Killer Customized Arch Linux Installation (and Learn All About Linux in the Process) Manage Debian or Ubuntu based systems offline using Keryx. Pinguy OS.