Geant4. Welcome to the CRÈME site — CREME-MC site. Lesson 3. Advances in Space Research - A review of instruments and methods for dosimetry in space. Abstract Instruments and methods recently used for space radiation dosimetry are reviewed for the purposes of comparison and reference. Passive detection methods mentioned include track-etch, luminescent, nuclear emulsion, and metal foil detectors. These can provide a reliable source of data for all types of radiation, but often require processing that cannot occur in space. Experimental methods of LET determination using TLDs, such as the high temperature peak ratio (HTR) method, are also discussed.
Keywords Space; Cosmic; Radiation; Dosimeters; Detectors. How is the 'STERADIAN' defined and how is it used? How is the 'STERADIAN' defined and how is it used? Asked by: Undisclosed Visitor Answer Steradians are a measure of the angular 'area' subtended by a two dimensional surface about the origin in three dimensional space, just as a radian is a measure of the angle subtended by a one dimensional line about the origin in two dimensional (plane) space. Steradians are equivalently referred to as 'square radians.' A sphere subtends 4 pi square radians (steradians) about the origin. By analogy, a circle subtends 2 pi radians about the origin. As one would expect, steradians (square radians) can be converted to square degrees by multiplying by the square of the number of degrees in a radian = 57.2957795... degrees. Steradians occur virtually anywhere in physics where a flux through a three dimensional surface is involved. Answered by: Warren Davis, Ph.D., President, Davis Associates, Inc., Newton, MA USA.