Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh. Robert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry, KG, GCH, PC, PC (Ire) (18 June 1769 – 12 August 1822), usually known as Lord Castlereagh[n 1] (/ˈkɑːsəlreɪ/ KAR-sul-RAY), was an Irish and British statesman. As British Foreign Secretary, from 1812 he was central to the management of the coalition that defeated Napoleon and was the principal British diplomat at the Congress of Vienna. Castlereagh was also leader of the British House of Commons in the Liverpool government from 1812 until his alleged suicide in August 1822. Early in his career, as Chief Secretary for Ireland, he was involved in putting down the Irish Rebellion of 1798 and was instrumental in securing the passage of the Irish Act of Union of 1800.[1] "There probably never was a statesman whose ideas were so right and whose attitude to public opinion was so wrong.
Title[edit] Robert Stewart acquired the courtesy title Viscount Castlereagh in 1796 when his father was created Earl of Londonderry in the Irish peerage. Family[edit] Lib.ru: "Классика" Untitled. ФЭБ: Мануйлов. Комментарии. — 1996 (текст) Untitled. Сенковский, Осип Юлиан Иванович. Биография[править | править исходный текст] Осип Сенковский родился в старинной шляхетской семье, принадлежащей к старинному роду Сарбевских. Один из его предков,Матвей-Казимир Сарбевский, живший в XVII в., снискал себе славу лучшего латинского лирика, удостоился венца в Риме и был прозван «новым Горацием». К началу XIX в. род обеднел, но Иосиф-Юлиан сумел получить блестящее домашнее образование.
Он рано обнаружил наклонности к филологии. В университете под влиянием профессоров И. Помимо основных европейских языков, включая итальянский, блестяще знал восточные — турецкий и арабский (в совершенстве), на них он говорил и писал прозой и стихами «каллиграфически-щеголевато»,[1] персидский, также новогреческий, итальянский сербский языки. С 1821 служил переводчиком в Иностранной коллегии в Санкт-Петербурге. Литературная деятельность[править | править исходный текст] Первый опыт исторического исследования — «Приложение к общей истории гуннов, турков и монголов» (1824, на французском языке). Józef Sękowski. Józef Sękowski Osip Ivanovich Senkovsky (Russian: Осип Иванович Сенковский), born Józef Julian Sękowski (31 March [O.S. 19 March] 1800 in Antagonka, near Vilnius – 16 March [O.S. 4 March] 1858 in Saint Petersburg), was a Polish-Russian orientalist, journalist, and entertainer.
Senkovsky was born into an old family of Polish szlachta. During his study in the University of Vilno he became fascinated with all things oriental. Having mastered the Arabic, Persian, Turkish, and Hebrew languages, he was assigned to the Russian mission in Constantinople, which occupation gave him ample opportunities to travel in Syria, Nubia, and Egypt. In 1821 he returned to the Russian capital, where he got the chair in oriental languages at the University of St Petersburg. In the 1820s, Senkovsky started publishing in the popular periodicals of Kondraty Ryleyev and Faddei Bulgarin. A very prolific writer, Senkovsky contributed articles on a wide range of topics, from mathematics to medicine.