Melissa Melissa
Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa. Operation Enduring Freedom – Horn of Africa (OEF-HOA) is the name of the military operation defined by the United States for combating militant Islamism and piracy in the Horn of Africa.[10] It is one component of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF), which includes eight African states stretching from the far northeast of the continent to the oil-rich Gulf of Guinea in the west.[11] The other OEF mission in Africa is known as Operation Enduring Freedom – Trans Sahara (OEF-TS), which, until the creation of the new Africa Command, was run out from the United States European Command.[10] The Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) is the primary (but not sole) military component assigned to accomplish the objectives of the mission.
The naval component is the multinational Combined Task Force 150 (CTF-150) which operates under the direction of the United States Fifth Fleet. Both of these organizations have been historically part of United States Central Command. Operations[edit] Special Activities Division. Seal of the Central Intelligence Agency The Special Activities Division (SAD) is a division in the United States Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) National Clandestine Service (NCS) responsible for covert operations known as "special activities". Within SAD there are two separate groups, SAD/SOG for tactical paramilitary operations and SAD/PAG for covert political action.[1] SOG Paramilitary Operations Officers account for a majority of Distinguished Intelligence Cross and Intelligence Star recipients during any given conflict or incident which elicits CIA involvement.
An award bestowing either of these citations represents the highest honors awarded within the CIA organization in recognition of distinguished valor and excellence in the line of duty. SAD/SOG operatives also account for the majority of the names displayed on the Memorial Wall at CIA headquarters indicating that the agent died while on active duty.[5] Overview[edit] Covert action[edit] Every U.S. Combined Task Force 151. Combined Task Force 151 or CTF-151 or Combined Task Force One Five One is a multinational naval task force, set up in 2009 as a response to piracy attacks in the Gulf of Aden and off the eastern coast of Somalia.[1] Its mission is to disrupt piracy and armed robbery at sea and to engage with regional and other partners to build capacity and improve relevant capabilities in order to protect global maritime commerce and secure freedom of navigation.
It operates in conjunction with the EU's Operation Atalanta and NATO's Operation Ocean Shield. History[edit] Formation[edit] Between 2002 and 2004, a first naval coalition in charge of fighting terrorism in the area was dubbed Task Force 151. Task measures[edit] The CMF established the Maritime Security Patrol Area (MSPA) in the Gulf of Aden in August of 2008 to provision international efforts to battle piracy.
The Rescue of Captain Richard Phillips[edit] In 2009, there was a pirate attack on the Maersk Alabama. Success[edit] Flagships[edit] Maersk Alabama hijacking. The Maersk Alabama hijacking was a series of maritime events that began with four pirates in the Indian Ocean seizing the cargo ship MV Maersk Alabama 240 nautical miles (440 km; 280 mi) southeast of Eyl, Somalia. The siege ended after a rescue effort by the U.S. Navy on 12 April 2009.[1] It was the first successful pirate seizure of a ship registered under the American flag since the early 19th century. Many news reports referenced the last pirate seizure as being during the Second Barbary War in 1815.
However other incidents had occurred as late as 1821.[2] It was the sixth vessel in a week to be attacked by pirates who had previously extorted ransoms in the tens of millions of dollars. History[edit] Hijacking[edit] The ship, with a crew of 20, loaded with 17,000 metric tons of cargo, was bound for Mombasa, Kenya, after a stop in Djibouti. The Maersk Alabama was then escorted from the scene to its original destination of Mombasa where Captain Larry D.
Rescue[edit] Trial[edit] Legacy[edit] Maritime Security Patrol Area. "I have just come home from Port Said, after successfully commanding a slow speed laden bulk carrier through the Gulf of Aden. We followed the courses through the MSPA (Maritime Security Patrol Area) corridor, which is patrolled by naval fleet. It was a very tense 40-hour passage. We witnessed an attempted attack just 10 miles behind us, one successful hijacking and another two attempts just close. " --Captain Vinayak Anant Marathe, India (2008) The Maritime Security Patrol Area (MSPA) is a specified patrol zone in the Gulf of Aden. Its borders are unmarked, but are a narrow, rectangular corridor between Somalia and Yemen, within the northern sector of the gulf. See also[edit] Piracy in Somalia References[edit] External links[edit] International Maritime Organization. 15/04/2014 IMO Secretary-General Sekimizu chaired the judging panel for the Seatrade Awards 2014 (14 April).
The ceremony included an award in support of IMO's theme for World Maritime Day 2014 ‘IMO Conventions: Effective Implementation’, won by the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS). IACS Chairman Mr R. Cazzulo received the award from Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal; Mr Sekimizu; and sponsor Mr Hui, Managing Director, China Classification Society. 14/04/2014 IMO’s Beatrice Vormawah, Head, Technical Cooperation Implementation Coordination Section, represented IMO at the Ghana Maritime Authority’s three-day sub-regional seminar on ship routeing and safety in navigation, Accra (7-10 April), for participants drawn from eight countries in West and Central Africa. More... International Maritime Organization. IMO headquarters in London The International Maritime Organization (IMO), known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) until 1982,[3] was established in Geneva in 1948[4] and came into force ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959.
Headquartered in London, United Kingdom, the IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations with 170 Member States and three Associate Members.[3] The IMO's primary purpose is to develop and maintain a comprehensive regulatory framework for shipping and its remit today includes safety, environmental concerns, legal matters, technical co-operation, maritime security and the efficiency of shipping. IMO is governed by an Assembly of members and is financially administered by a Council of members elected from the Assembly. The work of IMO is conducted through five committees and these are supported by technical subcommittees. Member organizations of the UN organizational family may observe the proceedings of the IMO. Operation Atalanta. Operation Atalanta, also known as European Union Naval Force Somalia (EU-NAVFOR-ATALANTA), is a current military operation undertaken by the European Union Naval Force. It is part of a larger global action by the EU to prevent and combat acts of piracy off the coast of Somalia.
The mission launched with a focus on protecting Somalia-bound vessels and shipments belonging to the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM) and the World Food Programme (WFP), as well as select other vulnerable shipments. In addition, Operation Atalanta monitors fishing activity on the regional seaboard.[3] In 2012, the scope of the mission expanded to include Somali coastal territories and internal waters so as to co-ordinate counter-piracy operations with Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and regional administrations.[4] On 16 July 2012, the EU also mandated the EUCAP Nestor mission to build up the maritime capacity of regional navies.[5] Overview[edit] Prelude[edit] Operation[edit] Vessels[edit]
Somali pirates. ICC Commercial Crime Services. Piracy in Somalia. Map of areas under threat by Somali pirates (2005–2010). A United Nations report and several news sources have suggested that piracy off the coast of Somalia was caused in part by illegal fishing.[6][7] According to the DIW and the U.S. House Armed Services Committee, the dumping of toxic waste in Somali waters by foreign vessels also severely constrained the ability of local fishermen to earn a living. In response, the fishermen began forming armed groups to stop the foreign ships. They eventually turned to hijacking commercial vessels for ransom as an alternate source of income.[5][8] In 2009, a survey by WardheerNews found that approximately 70 percent of the local coastal communities at the time "strongly support[ed] the piracy as a form of national defense of the country's territorial waters".
According to another source, there were 151 attacks on ships in 2011, compared with 127 in 2010 – but only 25 successful hijacks compared to 47 in 2010. History[edit] Nacro, the crime reduction charity.
Getting started.