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Stripping the Gurus—... To a Nunnery
Nearly everyone is familiar with those three little monkey-figures that depict the maxim, “See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil.” I emphasize the positive approach: “See that which is good, hear that which is good, speak that which is good.”
Abu Bakr (Abdullah ibn Abi Quhafa) ( Arabic : عبد الله بن أبي قحافة , Transliteration : ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Quḥāfah , c. 573 CE – 23 August 634 CE) also known as Abū Bakr as-Șiddīq ( Arabic : أبو بكر الصديق) was a senior companion ( Sahabi ) and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632–634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death. [ 1 ] As Caliph , Abu Bakr succeeded to the political and administrative functions previously exercised by Muhammad, since the religious function and authority of prophethood ended with Muhammad's death according to Islam . He was called Al-Siddiq (The Truthful) [ 2 ] and was known by that title among later generations of Muslims.
Abu Bakr
Asceticism (from the Greek : ἄσκησις , áskēsis , " exercise " or " training ") describes a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from various worldly pleasures, often with the aim of pursuing religious and spiritual goals. Many religious traditions (e.g.
Asceticism
Dervish
A Dervish or Darvesh [ 1 ] (from Persian درویش, Darvīsh [ 2 ] via Turkish , [ 3 ] Somali : Daraawiish , Arabic : درويش , Darwīš ) is someone treading a Sufi Muslim ascetic path or " Tariqah ", known for their extreme poverty and austerity.The Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge (ISHK) is a non-profit educational charity [ 1 ] and publisher established in 1969 by the noted and award-winning psychologist and writer Robert E.
Institute for the Study of Human Knowledge
Robert Evan Ornstein (born 1942) [ 2 ] is an American psychologist , researcher and writer .
Robert E. Ornstein
Idries Shah (16 June 1924 – 23 November 1996) ( Persian : ادریس شاه , Urdu : ادریس شاه , Hindi : इदरीस शाह ), also known as Idris Shah , né Sayed Idries el- Hashimi (Arabic: سيد إدريس هاشمي), was an author and teacher in the Sufi tradition who wrote over three dozen critically acclaimed books on topics ranging from psychology and spirituality to travelogues and culture studies.
Idries Shah
Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the theology of Martin Luther , a German reformer .
Lutheranism
The Uppsala Synod in 1593 was the most important synod of the Lutheran Church of Sweden .
Uppsala Synod
Calvinism
Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition or the Reformed faith ) is a major branch of Western Christianity that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation -era theologians. Calvinists broke with the Roman Catholic church but differed with Lutherans on the real presence of Christ in the Lord's supper , theories of worship , and the use of God's law for believers , among other things. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Calvinism is a misleading term because the religious tradition it denotes is and has always been diverse, with a wide range of influences rather than a single founder.
Fitra , or fitrah ( Arabic : فطرة / ALA-LC : fiṭrah ), is an Arabic word meaning ‘disposition’, ‘nature’, ‘constitution’, or ‘instinct’. In a mystical context, it can connote intuition or insight. It is similar to the Calvinist term " Sensus divinitatis ".
Fitra
Sufism or taṣawwuf ( Arabic : تصوّف ) is defined by its adherents as the inner, mystical dimension of Islam . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] A practitioner of this tradition is generally known as a ṣūfī ( صُوفِيّ ). They belong to different ṭuruq or "orders"—congregations formed around a master—which meet for spiritual sessions (majalis), in meeting places known as zawiyahs, Khanqahs , or tekke. [ 4 ] Sufi turuq /orders may be either Sunnī , Shī'ī , or mixed in doctrine, [ 5 ] and may trace many of their original precepts from the Islamic Prophet Muhammad through his cousin and son-in-law 'Alī , with the notable exception of the Naqshbandi who trace their origins through the first Caliph , Abu Bakr . [ 6 ] Prominent orders include Ba 'Alawiyya , Chishti , Khalwati , Naqshbandi , Nimatullahi , Oveyssi, Qadiria Boutshishia, Qadiriyyah , Qalandariyya , Sarwari Qadiri , Shadhliyya and Suhrawardiyya . [ 7 ]
Sufism
let there be light
The Panchen Lama ( Tibetan : པན་ཆེན་བླ་མ , Wylie : pan-chen bla-ma , ZYPY : Bainqên Lama, simplified Chinese : 班禅喇嘛 ; traditional Chinese : 班禪喇嘛 ), or Panchen Erdeni ( Tibetan : པན་ཆེན་ཨེར་ཏེ་ནི། , ZYPY : Bänqên Erdê'ni; simplified Chinese : 班禅额尔德尼 ; traditional Chinese : 班禪額爾德尼 ), is the highest ranking Lama after the Dalai Lama in the Gelugpa (Dge-lugs-pa) lineage of Tibetan Buddhism (this lineage controlled western Tibet from the 16th century until the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion ).