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Mass surveillance. Mass surveillance is the intricate surveillance of an entire or a substantial fraction of a population.[1] The surveillance is often carried out by governments or governmental organisations, but may also be carried out by corporations, either on behalf of governments or at their own initiative.

Mass surveillance

Depending on each nation's laws and judicial systems, the legality of and the permission required to engage in mass surveillance varies. Mass surveillance has often been cited as necessary to fight terrorism, to prevent social unrest, to protect national security, to fight child pornography and protect children. Conversely, mass surveillance has equally as often been criticized for violating privacy rights, limiting civil and political rights and freedoms, and being illegal under some legal or constitutional systems. There is a fear that increasing mass surveillance will ultimately lead to a totalitarian state where political dissent is undermined by COINTELPRO-like programs.

By country[edit] Censorship in the United States. In general, censorship in the United States, which involves the suppression of speech or other public communication, raises issues of freedom of speech, which is constitutionally protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution.

Censorship in the United States

This freedom, though fundamental, has also been accompanied since its enshrinement with contest and controversy. For instance, restraints increased during periods of widespread anti-communist sentiment, as exemplified by the hearings of the House Committee on Un-American Activities. It is also legal to express certain forms of hate speech so long as one does not engage in the acts being discussed, or urge others to commit illegal acts. However, more severe forms have led to people or groups such as the Ku Klux Klan being denied certain marching permits or the Westboro Baptist Church being sued, though the initially adverse ruling against the latter was later overturned on appeal in the US Supreme Court. Freedman v. Maryland. Background[edit] Ronald Freedman challenged the law of Maryland that films must be submitted to the Maryland State Board of Censors before being shown in theaters, claiming it unconstitutional; violating freedom of expression granted by the First Amendment.

Freedman v. Maryland

Opinion of the Court[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] How to organize your Facebook friends in Lists. Facebook recently revised its Lists feature to make it much easier to organize your friends into groups like Family, Colleagues, Close Friends, and so on.

How to organize your Facebook friends in Lists

Some are automatically populated based on associations and algorithms known only to FB techies, while others require a bit of manual effort to fill up. It's not so much work, and it's well worth it. Here's how to get going: Friends Around The World Slideshow.