The Patron Saint of Modern American Science. Back to thought experiments lain | Endless Frontier: Vannevar Bush--Engineer of the American Century, by G. Pascal Zachary is the detailed biography of a man who was at one time the American public's hope for winning a war, but half a century later has more or less been forgotten except for his contributions to one or another field of study. Vannevar Bush (1890-1974), formally trained as an electrical engineer, wore many hats in his lifetime. He was famous in academia, as an entrepreneur, and as a public servant operating at the highest levels of government.
He was also a pivotal figure in promoting and shaping the nature of postwar science in America. In modern times, Bush is most well-remembered for his academic work--specifically, he is considered one of the early pioneers of computing, having created the differential analyzer and other similar analog computers/calculating machines. After the war, Bush was concerned about the future of the scientific establishment. Lawmune's Netspace. A short history of the internet - Bruce Sterling. Feature. The GodfatherBy G. Pascal Zachary The Manhattan Project, Silicon Valley, The World Wide Web. Wherever you look in the information age, Vannevar Bush was there first. Vannevar Bush is a great name for playing six degrees of separation.
Bush's best years - he was born in 1890 - came before professors were millionaires and venture capitalists were presidents' pals. Bush started small. The device, which foreshadowed both the PC and the Web, was just one of Bush's many seminal contributions. Bush was also among the first to see the importance of venture capital and the way risk-taking inventors, drawing on top-flight universities, could spawn whole new industries - and, in the process, destroy the inefficient corporate oligarchies that ruled America from the turn of the century until the 1980s.
But if Bush's historic influence is forgotten or misunderstood, his technical inspiration is not. The birth of the PC in the mid-1970s brought Bush renewed attention. G. Page 2 >> Hypertext: Behind the Hype. ERIC Identifier: ED308882 Publication Date: 1989-08-00 Author: Bevilacqua, Ann F. Source: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources Syracuse NY. Hypertext is an organizing principle, like the 15th-century invention of alphabetical order or the Platonic invention of dialectical argument. Ted Nelson, who coined the word in the 1960s, defines "hyper" as "extended, generalized, and multidimensional" (1973). Michael Heim writes, "text derives originally from the Latin word for weaving and for interwoven material, and it comes to have an extraordinary accuracy of meaning in the case of word processing" (1987, p. 160-61). This image of a multidimensional fabric of knowledge linked with all its intellectual antecedents is one that is familiar to librarians.
The essence of hypertext is a dynamic linking of concepts allowing the reader to follow preferences instantaneously and to be in control. Currently there are two types of hypertext: static and dynamic (Byers, 1987, p. 250). Byers, T. Timeline of hypertext technology. This article presents a timeline of hypertext technology, including "hypermedia" and related human-computer interaction projects and developments from 1945 on.
The term hypertext is credited to the author and philosopher Ted Nelson. See also Graphical user interface, Multimedia; also Paul Otlet and Henri La Fontaine's Mundaneum, a massively cross-referenced card index system established in 1910. 1940s[edit] 1945 Memex (concept) 1960s[edit] 1970s[edit] 1980s[edit] 1990s[edit] 2000s[edit] UNA CORTA HISTORIA DEL EBOOKMARIE LEBERT. The Project Gutenberg EBook of Una corta historia del eBook, by Marie Lebert This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org ** This is a COPYRIGHTED Project Gutenberg eBook, Details Below ** ** Please follow the copyright guidelines in this file.
Title: Una corta historia del eBook Author: Marie Lebert Release Date: August 26, 2009 [EBook #29803] Language: Spanish Produced by Al Haines Traducido por ANNA ÁLVAREZ y revisado por Marie Lebert NEF, Universidad de Toronto, 2009 Copyright © 2009 Marie Lebert. —- Este libro está dedicado a todas las personas que han contestado mis preguntas durante los últimos diez años, en Europa, en América (por todo el continente), en África y en Asia.
Muchas gracias a Anna Álvarez, traductora, por la traducción de este libro del francés al español. = [Resumen]