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How Do I Answer When I’m Stumped by an Important Question? Dear Lifehacker,I have an important presentation coming up, and although I feel very prepared, I’m afraid during the Q&A someone will ask me a question I won’t be able to answer. What’s the best way to respond when I get caught stumped? Signed,Nervous Speaker Dear Nervous,I think we’ve all been there at some point, whether it’s during a presentation, interview, or even just a political debate with friends. Here are a few tips to calmly address tough questions when you don’t know the answer (and avoid looking like a deer caught in headlights).

Stall/Think Through the Answer If the answer is just at the tip of your tongue, give yourself a few minutes to think about it. Take a queue from spelling bee contestants, masters of eking out more time: Repeat the question yourself or ask the person to repeat and elaborate on the question. Ask for Assistance from the Audience If an audience member helps out, great. Emphasize What You Know, What You Don’t Know, and How You Will Figure It Out. Kardashev scale. The Kardashev scale is a method of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement, based on the amount of energy a civilization is able to utilize. The scale has three designated categories called Type I, II, and III. A Type I civilization uses all available resources on its home planet, Type II harnesses all the energy of its star, and Type III of its galaxy.

The scale is only hypothetical, but it puts energy consumption in a cosmic perspective. It was first proposed in 1964 by the Russian astronomer Nikolai Kardashev (Kardashyov). Definition[edit] Type I "Technological level close to the level presently attained on earth, with energy consumption at ≈4×1019 erg/sec (4 × 1012 watts) Type II "A civilization capable of harnessing the energy radiated by its own star (for example, the stage of successful construction of a Dyson sphere), "with energy consumption at ≈4×1033 erg/sec Type III Current status of human civilization[edit] Energy development[edit] Criticism[edit]

THE SAGAN SERIES (part 1) - The Frontier Is Everywhere. Abusing The Kardashev Scale For Fun And Profit. How advanced are you? "Your race hasn't even reached Type 1 on the Kardashev scale. It doesn't control the resources of this one planet, let alone a solar system or a galaxy. The Time Lords were the Type 4 civilization. We had no equals. We controlled the fundamental forces of the entire universe. Nothing could communicate with us on our level. Most races pray to lesser beings than the Time Lords. " The idea of Technology Levels has some actual reference in the real world in the form of the Kardashev Scale , which indicates how much power a civilization uses.

Rather than the specific values of celestial objects. Unmarked Spoilers Abound From This Point Onward open/close all folders Type 0: Less than Type I. Borderline Type I: Power use roughly equivalent to a terrestrial planet's insolation. 1 E 16 W Earth receives about 1.74 x 1017W from the Sun. Solid Type I: Clearly more than a single planet's energy budget, but less than a star's.

Kardashev civilizations. A scheme for classifying advanced technological civilizations proposed by Nikolai Kardashev1 in 1964. He identified three possible types and distinguished between them in terms of the power they could muster for the purposes of interstellar communications. A Type I civilization would be able to marshal energy resources for communications on a planet-wide scale, equivalent to the entire present power consumption of the human race, or about 1016 watts.

A Type II civilization would surpass this by a factor of approximately ten billion, making available 1026 watts, by exploiting the total energy output of its central star. Freeman Dyson, for example, has shown in general terms how this might be done with a Dyson sphere. Finally, a Type III civilization would have evolved far enough to tap the energy resources of an entire galaxy.

This would give a further increase by at least a factor of 10 billion to about 1036 watts. Karadashev civilizations and SETI Reference Kardashev, N. Related entries.