Spirituali. The Spirituali were members of a reform movement[1] within the Roman Catholic Church, which existed from the 1510s to the 1560s.
The ranks of the Spirituali included Cardinal Gasparo Contarini (1483–1542), Cardinal Jacopo Sadoleto (1477–1547), Cardinal Reginald Pole (1500–1558), Italian poet Vittoria Colonna, and her friend, the artist Michelangelo (1475–1564), who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and the very controversial The Last Judgement. These "Italian evangelicals" proposed to reform the Church through a spiritual renewal and internalization of faith by each individual, viewing the intense study of scripture and justification by faith as means to that end. "Central [to the Spirituali] was a renewed emphasis on the grace which God sent through faith," writes Church Historian Diarmaid MacCulloch, "together with a consistent urge to reveal the Holy Spirit as the force conveying this grace - to that associates of the movement were soon characterized as Spirituali. "[2] Catholic Church.
A VENDA DE INDULGÊNCIAS E A CORRUPÇÃO NA IGREJA CATÓLICA MEDIEVAL « MANIA DE HISTÓRIA. Acreditava-se que Cristo em pessoa, a Virgem Maria e muitos santos tivessem ganhado, durante sua vida, um “superávit” de mérito que poderia ser distribuído entre os infiéis ou fiéis menos praticantes.
Para se diminuir a culpa e a pena desses pecadores, a Santa Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana, durante fins da Idade Média Européia, passa a fazer “negócios” com essa “graça”, em troca claro, de parte do patrimônio dos desafortunados. Durante o Pontificado do Papa Leão X (1513 – 1521), essa prática atingiu o seu auge. Seque aqui, uma lista, isso mesmo, uma lista com alguns dos perdões previstos e seus respectivos valores ou pagamentos. 1.