How To Solder - Soldering Tutorial. Soldering is defined as "the joining of metals by a fusion of alloys which have relatively low melting points". In other words, you use a metal that has a low melting point to adhere the surfaces to be soldered together. Consider that soldering is more like gluing with molten metal, unlike welding where the base metals are actually melted and combined. Soldering is also a must have skill for all sorts of electrical and electronics work. It is also a skill that must be taught correctly and developed with practice. This tutorial will cover the most common types of soldering required for electronics work. This includes soldering components to printed circuit boards and soldering a spliced wire joint. Soldering Equipment The Soldering Iron/Gun The first thing you will need is a soldering iron, which is the heat source used to melt solder. You should choose a soldering iron with a 3-pronged grounding plug.
Solder The choice of solder is also important. Preparing To Solder Step 1: Warm Up The Iron. HamTestOnline™ - Login. Basics of Radio Wave Propagation. Radio Wave Propagation : A favorite propagation. When more than the usual levels of charged particles arrive at the earth (i.e., increased solar wind), as a result of a CME or coronal stream, many of these charged particles penetrate the weakest parts of the GMF near the polar regions. This is because the GMF field lines guide these charged particles into these regions; at these polar regions, extreme ionization can result at altitudes up to 1000km. Due to this increased ionization, a dynamic curtain shaped layer develops instead of the more typical horizontal shaped F2-layer. . : A useful form of propagation which mostly occurs when the maximum usable frequency (MUF) rises above 30MHz.
. : The blind zone is the area around a radio station which cannot normally be worked by either ground waves or normal ionospheric sky waves. . : A mode of propagation producing well known short skip radio contacts off the E-layer of the ionosphere. . : Lowest usable frequency. : Maximum Usable Frequency. ADF. Band Plan. A band plan refers to a voluntary division of a band to avoid interference between incompatible modes. Resources 160 Meters (1.8-2.0 MHz) 80 Meters (3.5-4.0 MHz) 60 Meters (5 MHz channels) *Only one signal at a time is permitted on any channel *Maximum effective radiated output is 100 W PEP 1. 2. 40 Meters (7.0-7.3 MHz) 30 Meters (10.1-10.15 MHz) 20 Meters (14.0-14.35 MHz) 17 Meters (18.068-18.168 MHz) 15 Meters (21.0-21.45 MHz) 12 Meters (24.89-24.99 MHz) 10 Meters (28-29.7 MHz) 6 Meters (50-54 MHz) 2 Meters (144-148 MHz) Notes: The frequency 146.40 MHz is used in some areas as a repeater input. 1.25 Meters (222-225 MHz) Note: The 222 MHz band plan was adopted by the ARRL Board of Directors in July 1991. 70 Centimeters (420-450 MHz) 33 Centimeters (902-928 MHz) Notes:1) Significant regional variations in both current band utilization and the intensity and frequency distribution of noise sources preclude one plan that is suitable for all parts of the country. 23 Centimeters (1240-1300 MHz) 3300-3500 MHz.
Mobile HF. Azimuthal Maps. About AZ_PROJ Presentations by NA3T Analysis of the 15-16 Jul 2000 Aurora Opening in North America presented at the N.E.W.S. Conference, Enfield CT, 26 Aug 2000. Analysis of the 1999 Spring Sprints presented at the Eastern VHF/UHF Society and North East Weak Signal (NEWS) Group Conference, Enfield CT, 27-29 August 1999. Sites using AZ_PROJnear real time 6m propagation/QSO maps using az_proj by Chris AA1VL. For fun Thoughts on restructuring and where ham radio could be going. What we can learn from analysing contest logs. Possible reasons to do this are to look for VHF propagation anomolies seen only when large number of people are on the air. document the expansion of hams into new bands determine the best grids for Rover and DX-peditions. The ARRL's policy is to not release this information as it would enable less skilled hams to learn from contest winners.
Making a map here on the Server. I'm looking for... info to make maps of ham density by gridsquare (sample from NE USA).