Distillation. Laboratory display of distillation: 1: A source of heat 2: Still pot 3: Still head 4: Thermometer/Boiling point temperature 5: Condenser 6: Cooling water in 7: Cooling water out 8: Distillate/receiving flask 9: Vacuum/gas inlet 10: Still receiver 11: Heat control 12: Stirrer speed control 13: Stirrer/heat plate 14: Heating (Oil/sand) bath 15: Stirring means e.g. (shown), boiling chips or mechanical stirrer 16: Cooling bath.[1] History[edit] Clear evidence of the distillation of alcohol comes from the School of Salerno in the 12th century.[2][5] Fractional distillation was developed by Tadeo Alderotti in the 13th century.[6] A retort Distillation Old Ukrainian vodka still Early forms of distillation were batch processes using one vaporization and one condensation.
With the emergence of chemical engineering as a discipline at the end of the 19th century, scientific rather than empirical methods could be applied. Applications of distillation[edit] Idealized distillation model[edit] The Distillation Experiment. Introduction to Distillation. Distillation is based on the fact that the vapour of a boiling mixture will be richer in the components that have lower boiling points. Therefore, when this vapour is cooled and condensed, the condensate will contain more volatile components. At the same time, the original mixture will contain more of the less volatile material. Distillation columns are designed to achieve this separation efficiently.
Although many people have a fair idea what “distillation” means, the important aspects that seem to be missed from the manufacturing point of view are that: The best way to reduce operating costs of existing units, is to improve their efficiency and operation via process optimisation and control. The purpose of this set of notes is to expose you to the terminology used in distillation practice and to give a very basic introduction to: Distillation.swf (application/x-shockwave-flash Object) ChemEngcolumn.swf (application/x-shockwave-flash Object) Molecular Workbench Home Page.
Energy in a High-Tech World.