Philosofy

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Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Deism ( i / ˈ d iː . ɪ z əm / [ 1 ] [ 2 ] or / ˈ d eɪ . ɪ z əm / ) is a religious philosophy which holds that reason and observation of the natural world , without the need for organized religion , can determine that the universe is the product of an intelligent creator(s). According to deists, the creator rarely, if ever, either intervenes in human affairs or suspends the natural laws of the universe. Deists typically reject supernatural events such as prophecy and miracles , tending instead to assert that a god (or " the Supreme Architect ") does not alter the universe by intervening in it. This idea is also known as the clockwork universe theory , in which a god designs and builds the universe, but steps aside to let it run on its own.

Deism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes the overall "happiness". It is thus a form of consequentialism , meaning that the moral worth of an action is determined only by its resulting outcome, and that one can only weigh the morality of an action after knowing all its consequences. Two influential contributors to this theory are Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill . Utilitarianism was described by Bentham as "the greatest happiness principle ". [ 1 ] Utilitarianism can be characterised as a quantitative and reductionist approach to ethics.

This article is about "Integral Theory" as an emerging area of discourse. See Integral (disambiguation) for other uses. Integral Theory is a philosophy posited by Ken Wilber that seeks a synthesis of the best of pre-modern, modern, and postmodern reality. [ 1 ] It claims to be a "theory of everything," [ 2 ] and offers an approach "to draw together an already existing number of separate paradigms into an interrelated network of approaches that are mutually enriching." [ 1 ] It has been applied by scholar-practitioners in 35 distinct academic and professional domains as varied as organizational management, art, and feminism. [ 1 ]

Integral Theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_theory

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_48_Laws_of_Power

The 48 Laws of Power is a 1998 book by Robert Greene . Robert Greene takes elements of some of the world's most influential political thinkers to come up with the 48 Laws of Power, from Niccolò Machiavelli to Sun Tzu , he captures their most important points of power. [ citation needed ]

The 48 Laws of Power - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

It is possible to describe the other planets in the solar system as revolving around the Earth, but that explanation is unnecessarily complex compared to the modern consensus that all planets in the solar system revolve around the Sun. Occam's razor (also written as Ockham's razor ) is the English equivalent of the Latin lex parsimoniae --- the law of parsimony, economy or succinctness. It is a principle urging one to select among competing hypotheses that which makes the fewest assumptions and thereby offers the simplest explanation of the effect. [ edit ] Overview The principle is often summarized as "other things being equal, a simpler explanation is better than a more complex one." In practice, the application of the principle often shifts the burden of proof in a discussion. [ 1 ] The razor asserts that one should proceed to simpler theories until simplicity can be traded for greater explanatory power.