Left-wing politics. Right-wing politics. Right-wing politics are political positions or activities that accept or support social hierarchy or social inequality.[1][2][3][4] Those affiliated with the Right consider social hierarchy and social inequality as either inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable,[2] typically justifying this position on the basis of natural law or tradition.[4][5][6][7][8] Within the right-wing spectrum, views differ on whether hierarchy and inequality stem from traditional social differences[9] or from competition in market economies.[10][11] Manifestations of right-wing politics are affected by cultural norms of societies.
The term "right wing" has been used to refer to a number of different political positions through history. Although the term 'right-wing' originally designated traditional conservatives and reactionaries, it has also been used to describe neo-conservatives, nationalists, racial supremacists,[23] Christian democrats, religious fundamentalists, and classical liberals.[17] Conservatism. Liberal conservatism. As both "conservatism" and "liberalism" have had different meanings over time and across countries, the term liberal conservatism has been used in quite different senses. In political science, the term is used to refer to ideologies that combine the advocacy of laissez-faire economic principles, such as respect for contracts, defense of private property and free markets[1][need quotation to verify] with the belief in natural inequality, the importance of religion, and the value of traditional morality[2][need quotation to verify] through a framework of limited, constitutional, representative government.[3][need quotation to verify] It contrasts with classical liberalism and especially aristocratic conservatism, rejecting the principle of equality as something in discordance with human nature, instead emphasizing the idea of natural inequality.
Classical conservatism and economic liberalism[edit] Modern European meaning[edit] Liberal conservative political parties[edit] See also[edit] Social conservatism. Social conservatism is a political ideology that focuses on the preservation of what are seen as traditional values. The accepted goals and ideologies related to preserving traditions and morality often vary from group to group within social conservatism.
Thus, there are really no policies or positions that could be considered universal among social conservatives. There are, however, a number of general principles to which at least a majority of social conservatives adhere, such as support for traditional family values. Overview[edit] In the United States during the mid to late 20th century, the notion of preserving traditional values was seen by many social conservatives as an ideal that had been gradually eroded by a number of federal legislative passages and US Supreme Court decisions.
Social conservatism and other ideological views[edit] There is no necessary link between social and fiscal conservatism; some social conservatives such as Mike Huckabee,[1] George W. Canada[edit] Christian democracy. Christian democracy is a political ideology which emerged in nineteenth-century Europe under the influence of conservatism and Catholic social teaching.[1] It was originally conceived as a combination of traditional Catholic beliefs and modern democratic ideas, but over time it grew to incorporate a variety of views from different Christian denominations and from different political thinkers. Christian democracy continues to be influential in Europe and Latin America, though in a number of countries its Christian ethos has been challenged by secularization. In practice, Christian democracy is often considered conservative on cultural, social, and moral issues (and is thus a supporter of social conservatism), while advocating a social market economy.
Political viewpoints[edit] As with any political ideology, Christian democracy has had different manifestations over time and between countries; there are several types of ideology that are called Christian democracy. Geoffrey K. History[edit] Right-wing populism. Right-wing populism is a political ideology that rejects existing political consensus and usually combines laissez-faire liberalism and anti-elitism. It is considered populism because of its appeal to the "common man" as opposed to the elites.[1] From the 1990s right-wing populist parties became established in the legislatures of various democracies including Canada, Norway, France, Israel, Russia, Romania and Chile, and entered coalition governments in Switzerland, Austria, the Netherlands, New Zealand and Italy.[2] Although right-wing movements in the US have been studied separately, where they are normally called "radical right", some writers consider them to be the same phenomenon.[3] Right-wing populism is distinct from the historic right, which had been concerned with preserving the "status quo", and mostly do not have roots in their political parties.[4] Definition[edit] By country[edit] European national parliaments with representatives from right-wing populist parties in 2014.
Nationalism. Nationalism is a belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation. Nationalism involves national identity, by contrast with the related construct of patriotism, which involves the social conditioning and personal behaviors that support a state's decisions and actions.[1] From a psychological perspective, nationalism (national attachment) is distinct from other types of attachment, for example, attachment to a religion or a romantic partner. The desire for interpersonal attachment, or the need to belong, is one of the most fundamental human motivations. From a political or sociological perspective, there are two main perspectives on the origins and basis of nationalism. One is the primordialist perspective that describes nationalism as a reflection of the ancient and perceived evolutionary tendency of humans to organize into distinct groupings based on an affinity of birth.
History[edit] Causes[edit] Varieties[edit]