Biology. The Future Is Here Today…Robotics, Genetics, AI, Longevity, The Brain… Physics and art. Hadron. In particle physics, a hadron i/ˈhædrɒn/ (Greek: ἁδρός, hadrós, "stout, thick") is a composite particle made of quarks held together by the strong force (in a similar way as molecules are held together by the electromagnetic force).
Of the hadrons, protons are stable, and neutrons bound within atomic nuclei are stable, whereas other hadrons are unstable under ordinary conditions; free neutrons decay with a half life of about 880 seconds. Experimentally, hadron physics is studied by colliding protons or nuclei of heavy elements such as lead, and detecting the debris in the produced particle showers. Etymology[edit] The term "hadron" was introduced by Lev B. Not withstanding the fact that this report deals with weak interactions, we shall frequently have to speak of strongly interacting particles.
Properties[edit] All types of hadrons have zero total color charge. According to the quark model,[5] the properties of hadrons are primarily determined by their so-called valence quarks. Standard Model. The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory concerning the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions, as well as classifying all the subatomic particles known.
It was developed throughout the latter half of the 20th century, as a collaborative effort of scientists around the world.[1] The current formulation was finalized in the mid-1970s upon experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks. Since then, discoveries of the top quark (1995), the tau neutrino (2000), and more recently the Higgs boson (2013), have given further credence to the Standard Model. Because of its success in explaining a wide variety of experimental results, the Standard Model is sometimes regarded as a "theory of almost everything".
Historical background[edit] The Higgs mechanism is believed to give rise to the masses of all the elementary particles in the Standard Model. Overview[edit] Particle content[edit] Fermions[edit] Gauge bosons[edit] Higgs boson[edit] Main article: Higgs boson E.S. US Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics. Universe - general issues. The Physics Department's Largest Laboratory: The Universe by Andreas Albrecht, professor Published in the UCD Physics Dept Newsletter, Fall 1998 Click on the images to see larger versions with captions.
Cosmology is the study of the origins and evolution of the universe. People have wondered about these issues since the beginning of time, but through most of history the subject seemed to be one for philosophers and theologians. It is worth noting that the recent coming of age of cosmology has come at an important time in the evolving relationship between science and society. This special role for cosmology takes on a more substantial form when it comes to university level teaching (both undergraduate and graduate). Through the Wormhole. The fundamental question was could a very advanced civilization accumulate enough negative energy and hold it in the interior of the wormhole long enough to keep the wormhole open so that somebody could travel through it.
It takes forever for Alice to fall through the black hole. On other hand, Alice has a completely different description of what happens. She just falls completely cleanly through the horizon, feeling no pain, no bump. Prying open a wormhole would take a tremendous amount of energy, not just ordinary energy, but something called negative energy. Negative energy is antigravitational. Archytas. Archytas (/ˈɑrkɪtəs/; Greek: Ἀρχύτας; 428–347 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, statesman, and strategist.
He was a scientist of the Pythagorean school and famous for being the reputed founder of mathematical mechanics, as well as a good friend of Plato. Life and work[edit] Archytas was born in Tarentum, Magna Graecia (now southern Italy) and was the son of Mnesagoras or Histiaeus. For a while, he was taught by Philolaus, and was a teacher of mathematics to Eudoxus of Cnidus. Archytas and Eudoxus' student was Menaechmus. Archytas curve[edit] The Archytas curve is created by placing a semicircle (with a diameter of d) on the diameter of one of the two circles of a cylinder (which also has a diameter of d) such that the plane of the semicircle is at right angles to the plane of the circle and then rotating the semicircle about one of its ends in the plane of the cylinder's diameter.
Notes[edit] Further reading[edit] von Fritz, Kurt (1970). External links[edit]
Dimensions. Quantum physics. Frontier of Science.