Six Sigma

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Control chart

Control charts , also known as Shewhart charts (after Walter A. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_chart
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias in which unskilled individuals suffer from illusory superiority , mistakenly rating their ability much higher than average. This bias is attributed to a metacognitive inability of the unskilled to recognize their mistakes. [ 1 ] Actual competence may weaken self-confidence, as competent individuals may falsely assume that others have an equivalent understanding.

Dunning–Kruger effect

Six Sigma

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six_Sigma The often-used Six Sigma symbol

Statistical hypothesis testing

A statistical hypothesis test is a method of making decisions using data from a scientific study . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_testing
In statistical significance testing the p -value is the probability of obtaining a test statistic at least as extreme as the one that was actually observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. [ 1 ] One often "rejects the null hypothesis" when the p -value is less than the predetermined significance level which is often 0.05 or 0.01, indicating that the observed result would be highly unlikely under the null hypothesis.

P-value

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value

Pareto chart

A Pareto chart , named after Vilfredo Pareto , is a type of chart that contains both bars and a line graph , where individual values are represented in descending order by bars, and the cumulative total is represented by the line. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pareto_chart

Process performance index

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_performance_index In process improvement efforts, the process performance index is an estimate of the process capability of a process during its initial set-up, before it has been brought into a state of statistical control . [ 1 ]

Process capability index

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process_capability_index In process improvement efforts, the process capability index or process capability ratio is a statistical measure of process capability : the ability of a process to produce output within specification limits. [ 1 ] The concept of process capability only holds meaning for processes that are in a state of statistical control .

Analysis of variance

In statistics , analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) is a collection of statistical models , and their associated procedures, in which the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation. In its simplest form, ANOVA provides a statistical test of whether or not the means of several groups are all equal, and therefore generalizes t -test to more than two groups. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_variance
William Edwards Deming (October 14, 1900 – December 20, 1993) was an American statistician , professor , author , lecturer and consultant . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Edwards_Deming

W. Edwards Deming

Ishikawa diagram

Ishikawa diagrams (also called fishbone diagrams , herringbone diagrams , cause-and-effect diagrams , or Fishikawa ) are causal diagrams created by Kaoru Ishikawa (1968) that show the causes of a specific event . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are product design and quality defect prevention, to identify potential factors causing an overall effect. Each cause or reason for imperfection is a source of variation. Causes are usually grouped into major categories to identify these sources of variation.
Tools drawer at a 5S working place 5S is the name of a workplace organization method that uses a list of five Japanese words: seiri, seiton, seiso, seiketsu, and shitsuke.

5S (methodology)

Failure mode and effects analysis

Failure mode and effect analysis ( FMEA ) was one of the first systematic techniques for failure analysis.
In probability theory , the normal (or Gaussian ) distribution is a continuous probability distribution , defined by the formula The parameter μ in this formula is the mean or expectation of the distribution (and also its median and mode ). The parameter σ is its standard deviation ; its variance is therefore σ 2 .

Normal distribution

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