Small Mammals Have A 'Celtic Fringe' Too. The origin of the ‘Celtic fringe' of genetically and culturally distinctive people in the northern and western British Isles is the source of fierce academic controversy. But new research into the movement of small mammals, such as voles and shrews, at the end of the last Ice Age, could provide important new clues to resolve the debate. The research is published in the latest issue of Proceedings of the Royal Society B. An international team of scientists, led by Professor Jeremy Searle of the University of York, has discovered that end-Ice Age colonization of Britain by small mammals generates a remarkably ‘human-like' geographic pattern of genetic variation.
The study showed that mitochondrial DNA lineages of three small mammal species - bank vole, field vole and pygmy shrew - form a ‘Celtic fringe'. The researchers say that these small mammals colonized Britain, when it was still connected to continental Europe, in a two-phase process at the end of the last Ice Age. Early Celtic 'Stonehenge' discovered in Germany's Black Forest. A huge early Celtic calendar construction has been discovered in the royal tomb of Magdalenenberg, nearby Villingen-Schwenningen in Germany's Black Forest. This discovery was made by researchers at the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum at Mainz in Germany when they evaluated old excavation plans. The order of the burials around the central royal tomb fits exactly with the sky constellations of the Northern hemisphere.
Whereas Stonehenge was oriented towards the sun, the more than 100 meter width burial mound of Magdalenenberg was focused towards the moon. The builders positioned long rows of wooden posts in the burial mound to be able to focus on the Lunar Standstills. These Lunar Standstills happen every 18,6 year and were the 'corner stones' of the Celtic calendar. The position of the burials at Magdeleneberg represents a constellation pattern which can be seen between Midwinter and Midsummer. With the help of special computer programs, Dr. Aboriginal Australians descended from early migration of modern humans out of Africa, study says | Popular Archaeology - exploring the past. Genome sequencing study suggests that Aboriginal Australians are descended from early wave of modern humans who migrated out of Africa perhaps 62,000 - 75,000 years ago. Little did he know that giving a team of scientists a lock of his hair would provide answers to some profound questions about the origins of humankind in his native Australia.
But that is exactly what happened when scientists sequenced his genome and found that he was descended from a very ancient wave of modern humanity out of Africa and eventually into Australia some 62,000 - 75,000 years ago. He is an Aboriginal Australian. The results of the genetic tests showed that modern humans migrated into Eastern Asia in more than one wave and that he, along with all of his fellow Aboriginal Australians, could claim direct heritage with a very early wave, perhaps even the first wave. This meant that his population constituted one of the oldest continuous populations outside of Africa.
3,000-year-old shipwreck shows European trade was thriving in Bronze Age. Tin ingots from this period have not been found in Britain before. A bronze sword and three gold wrist bracelets, known as torcs, were also found at the spot, not far from the famous ''Salcombe Cannon'' wreck, which was discovered in the 1990s. The team have not found any of the new ship's actual body which is thought to have perished. However, it is likely to have been powered with paddles and had a crew of around 15. The team first got their first hint about the ancient haul down below when just small pieces of copper were found. Engineer Jim Tyson, who took part in the dives, said: ''You have something in your hands that had not seen the light of day in 3000 years.
He added: ''It shows definite communications and trade - these people were trading as we would these days.'' The nearby 17th century Salcombe Cannon wreck, which is protected, has yielded Europe's largest collection of 17th century Moroccan gold coins. ''It is very rare to get a snapshot of this level of activity. Modern Human Variation: Overview. New Hypothesis on the origins of the Khazars. Regarding history one of the most profound Bulgarian historians, Dr. Gancho Tzenov, prof. at the University of Berlin in the beginning of 20th century, believed that: (1) history is a positive, inductive science, which is based only on facts, systematized facts and never on assumptions, opinions and speculations.
Consequently one must not believe in histories written by victors; (2) large sections of the officially accepted at his time European history of the past 2000 years or so, and particularly that of Eastern Europe, is based on assumptions, opinions and speculations and has nothing in common with the real history of the continent and its human inhabitants. The situation has not changed as of today. There is a lot of evidence supporting this stand of Dr. Tzenov, but I will allow myself to adduce the following few from his works: Map showing the lands populated by the Scythians - they almost completely correspond with the state of the Khazars. New evidence links Early Bronze Age Ireland to the Southeastern United States - National Architecture & Design. WALESKA, GA – May 24, 2011 (Examiner.com) For eleven years an enigmatic, 11 feet long boulder has been on display in the Hall of Ancients in the Funk Heritage Museum on the campus of Reinhardt University.
Thousands of people viewed the boulder. All thought it was something very “special.” Few visitors could make sense out of the concentric rings, circles with crosses, stars and something that looks like a dogwood flower or primitive rose. These carved symbols are known to archaeologists as petroglyphs. In 2008, Dr, Joseph Kitchens, Director of the Funk Museum, became determined to discover the meaning of the boulder in the heart of his museum. He began contacting archaeologists, petroglyph experts, and Native American scholars in hope of finding an answer. One petroglyph consultant wrote a report interpreting the petroglyphs as being symbols associated with the Canaanite god, Baal. The Creek Indians have lived in Georgia for at least 2,200 years.
Did sex with Neanderthals and Denisovans shape our immune systems? The jury’s still out. Humans and Neanderthals had sex, but not very often | Not Exactly Rocket Science. Tens of thousands of years ago, our ancestors spread across the world, having sex with Neanderthals, Denisovans and other groups of ancient humans as they went. Today, our genes testify to these prehistoric liaisons. Last year, when the Neanderthal genome was finally sequenced, it emerged that everyone outside of African can trace 1 and 4 percent of their DNA from Neanderthals.
The discovery was a vindication for some and a surprise to others. For decades, palaeontologists had fought over different visions of the rise of early humans. Some championed the “Out of Africa” model, which says that all of us descend from a small group of ancestors who came out of Africa, swept the world, and replaced every other group of early humans. The most extreme versions of this model said that these groups never had sex, or at least, never bred successfully. To an extent, these are caricatured versions of the two models, and there are subtler variants of each. Reference: Currat & Excoffier. 2011. Climatic fluctuations drove key events in human evolution, researchers find. Research at the University of Liverpool has found that periods of rapid fluctuation in temperature coincided with the emergence of the first distant relatives of human beings and the appearance and spread of stone tools. Dr Matt Grove from the School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology reconstructed likely responses of human ancestors to the climate of the past five million years using genetic modelling techniques.
When results were mapped against the timeline of human evolution, Dr Grove found that key events coincided with periods of high variability in recorded temperatures. Dr Grove said: "The study confirmed that a major human adaptive radiation -- a pattern whereby the number of coexisting species increases rapidly before crashing again to near previous levels -- coincided with an extended period of climatic fluctuation.
"By 1.5 million years ago we are left with a single human ancestor -- Homo erectus. Aboriginal Australians: The first explorers. In an exciting development, an international team of researchers has, for the first time, pieced together the human genome from an Aboriginal Australian. The results, published in the journal Science, re-interpret the prehistory of our species. By sequencing the genome, the researchers demonstrate that Aboriginal Australians descend directly from an early human expansion into Asia that took place some 70,000 years ago, at least 24,000 years before the population movements that gave rise to present-day Europeans and Asians. The results imply that modern day Aboriginal Australians are in fact the direct descendents of the first people who arrived in Australia as early as 50,000 years ago.
The study derived from a lock of hair donated to a British anthropologist by an Aboriginal man from the Goldfields region of Western Australia in the early 20th century. Separation New model for migration The first humans were explorers. Nevada's Mysterious Cave of The Red-Haired Giants. By Terrence Aym July 10, 2010 from IronLight Website Spanish version Many Native American tribes from the Northeast and Southwest still relate the legends of the red-haired giants and how their ancestors fought terrible, protracted wars against the giants when they first encountered them in North America almost 15,000 years ago. Others, like the Aztecs and Mayans recorded their encounters with a race of giants to the north when they ventured out on exploratory expeditions. Who were these red-haired giants that history books have ignored? In the United States they have been unearthed in Virginia and New York state, Michigan, Illinois and Tennessee, Arizona and Nevada.
Spanish Encounter - Circa 1768 And it's the state of Nevada that the story of the native Paiute's wars against the giant red-haired men transformed from a local myth to a scientific reality during 1924 when the Lovelock Caves were excavated. It's a very old cave that pre-dates humans on this continent. Stan Nielsen at Lovelock Cave. Hyksos. The Hyksos or Hycsos (/ˈhɪksɒs/ or /ˈhɪksoʊz/;[3] Egyptian heqa khaseshet, "ruler(s) of the foreign countries"; Greek Ὑκσώς, Ὑξώς) were an Asiatic people from West Asia who took over the eastern Nile Delta, ending the Thirteenth dynasty of Egypt and initiating the Second Intermediate Period.[4] Important Canaanite populations first appeared in Egypt towards the end of the 12th Dynasty c. 1800 BC, and either around that time or c. 1720 BC, formed an independent realm in the eastern Nile Delta.[5] The Canaanite rulers of the Delta, regrouped in the 14th Dynasty, coexisted with the Egyptian 13th Dynasty, based in Itjtawy.
The power of the 13th and 14th dynasties progressively waned, perhaps due to famine and plague,[5][6] and c. 1650 BC both were invaded by the Hyksos, who formed their own dynasty, the 15th Dynasty. Origins of the Hyksos[edit] There are various hypotheses as to the Hyksos' ethnic identity. Most archaeologists[who?] As to a Hyksos “conquest”, some archaeologists[who?] The history of the Sidhe. The History of the Sidhe The people known as "The Sidhe" or people of the mounds, or "The Lordly Ones" or "The Good People" were descended from the "Tuatha de Danann" who settled in Ireland millennia ago and in being defeated by the Milesians they retreated to a different dimension of space and time than our own, believed to be living under mounds and fairy raths and cairns, and also the land of "Tír na nÓg" a mythical island to the west of Ireland.
Placenames in Ireland with the pre-nouns Lis, Rath, and Shee are associated with these people for example Lismore, Lisdoonvarna, Sheemore, Rathfarnham etc. Down through the ages the Sidhe have been in contact with mortals giving protection, healing and even teaching some of their skills to mortals - Smithcraft or the working of metals being one such skill. Cuillen (Culann) is one such sidhe smith who has been told of in the legends of Cúchulainn and the later legends of Fionn mac Cumhail. Donn Son of Midhir Finn's Madness top © Shee-Eire: Llano Man Ancient American stone head sculpture. Over thirty thousand years ago, while Cro-Magnon man carved sculptures in Europe, Llano Man was shaping the stone heads of Malakov right here in Texas. The history of early man is often depicted with graphs, charts, reconstructed skulls, and artists renderings which imply two million years of gradual, progressive change—like a bridge across a River of Confusion.
In fact, what we have is a series of stepping stones with wide gaps between the various stages or types, and some stones branch off into the river and lead nowhere. Just as we are about to reach the opposite shore the last two stones are conveniently placed allowing us to stand on the solid ground of the present. The next to last stage is represented by the Neanderthals which just don’t seem to fit in the scheme of things; but without them our path of stepping stones will leave us stranded and confused. “Mystery surrounds the Neanderthals,” Kenneth F. “When art first appeared, presumably around 40,000 B.P. Iran - 'the land of Aryans' Ginger. The naturally preserved body of an adult man was found in a cemetery at Gebelein, Egypt, and dated to the Late Predynastic period, around 3400 BC, or earlier.
Ginger died more than five thousand years ago, yet his golden hair, which gave him his nick-name, and even his toe- and finger-nails were perfectly preserved. Before mummification was developed to preserve human remains bodies were placed in shallow graves, in direct contact with the sand. The bodies from these early burials frequently did not decay, because the hot dry sand absorbed the water that constitutes 75% of the human weight. Without moisture bacteria cannot breed and cause decay, and the body is preserved. The picture below is from the British Museum, where Ginger was brought more than a hundred years ago. Although his body is heavily stained from more than 5,000 years lying in the sand we can see he had a yellowish-white skin. He lies in the tightly curled, infantile position common to the burials of those days. Red hair. Red hair occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.[1] It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.
Red hair appears in people with two copies of a recessive gene on chromosome 16 which causes a mutation in the MC1R protein. [citation needed] Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered. Geographic distribution Historical Woman with red hair, Papua New Guinea. Melanesians have a significant incidence of fair hair, caused by a genetic mutation different from European blond and red hair.[4] Several accounts by Greek writers mention redheaded people.
In Asia, red hair has been found among the ancient Tocharians, who occupied the Tarim Basin in what is now the northwesternmost province of China. Red hair is also found amongst Polynesians, and is especially common in some tribes and family groups. Rus' people. Varangians. The Physical Anthropology of Israelite Peoples. Homo sapiens - H. sapiens (Anatomically Modern Humans - AMH) are the species we belong to.
Ancient DNA Reveals That Some Neanderthals Were Redheads. The Neanderthal theory of autism, Asperger and ADHD. Operating system and the Neanderthal theory. NEandERthaL anatomy Human Evolution.