Immortality of all cancer cells exposed as a myth - health - 21 April 2011. Far from being immortal, most cancer cells seem unable to multiply limitlessly and spread throughout the body. Dot Bennett of St George's University of London and colleagues found that only four of 37 skin cancer samples they examined displayed the supposed hallmark of cancer. "We thought they'd all be immortal, but they weren't," she says. By studying the molecular profiles of the cancer cells as they grew in the lab, the team found that many appeared to have hit a "telomere crisis" and stopped dividing. Telomeres are the caps that protect the ends of chromosomes and they shorten every time a cell divides.
In a telomere crisis, the tips become so short that the cell mistakes them for DNA breaks and tries to repair them, generating freak cells that die or become dormant. The team found that the few cancer cells that are immortal activate telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a part of the telomerase enzyme that rebuilds telomeres so they avoid a telomere crisis. Cancer vaccine. Rhubarb / RHS Gardening Advice. Cultivation notes Any fertile garden soil can be used for rhubarb as long as it is well drained and in full sun. Crowns (‘sets’) can be cropped for ten or more years, though division may be necessary after about five years. Preparing the soil Although the large foliage can help smother weeds, the ground should be free from perennial weeds before planting. Planting Plant crowns in November or December. Plant the crown with the growing point at, or just below, the soil surface. Cultivation In hot summers, if the ground becomes dry, growth will slow down and even stop.
Allow the foliage to die back naturally in autumn then cut away the old leaves to expose the growing points to winter cold. Harvesting Stems can be picked from the early cultivars from March to April. Stems should be pulled rather than cut to prevent rotting of the remaining stump. The last harvest is usually in late summer, around July or August, though growth may have stopped before this if the weather is very hot. Forcing Seed. Merkel Cell Carcinoma Explained by Mayo Clinic. Merkel Cell Carcinoma buttock 45-year-old woman.jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Merkel cell carcinoma. Merkel cell carcinoma. Gross pathology specimen. Merkel cell carcinoma is a rare and highly aggressive skin cancer, which, in most cases, is caused by a virus (Merkel cell polyomavirus) discovered by scientists at the University of Pittsburgh in 2008.[1] It is also known as cutaneous APUDoma, primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, primary small cell carcinoma of the skin, and trabecular carcinoma of the skin.[2] This cancer is considered to be a form of neuroendocrine tumor.
While patients with a small tumor (less than 2 cm) that has not yet metastasized to regional lymph nodes have an expected 5-year survival rate of more than 80 percent, once a lesion has metastasized regionally, the rate drops to about 50 percent. Up to half of patients that have been seemingly treated successfully (i.e. that initially appear cancer-free) subsequently suffer a recurrence of their disease.[7] Recent reviews cite an overall 5-year survival rate of about 60% for all MCC combined.[6] Cause[edit] Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Google Image Result for. Google Image Result for. Welcome | The Rhubarb Compendium. Rhubarb. In culinary use, fresh raw petioles (leaf stalks) are crisp (similar to celery) with a strong, tart taste. Most commonly, the plant's leaf stalks are cooked with sugar and used in pies and other desserts. A number of varieties have been domesticated for human consumption, most of which are recognised as Rheum x hybridum by the Royal Horticultural Society.
Rhubarb is usually considered a vegetable. In the United States, however, a New York court decided in 1947 that since it was used in the United States as a fruit, it counted as a fruit for the purposes of regulations and duties. A side effect was a reduction on imported rhubarb tariffs, as tariffs were higher for vegetables than fruits.[1] Rhubarb also contains glycosides—especially rhein, glucorhein, and emodin, which impart cathartic and laxative properties. Cultivation[edit] Rhubarb displayed for sale at a market in Leeds, England. Historical cultivation[edit] Uses[edit] A homemade rhubarb pie Cooking[edit] Strawberry rhubarb, dried.