circles, history,
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Claudius Ptolemäus ( griechisch Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος Klaúdios Ptolemaîos , lateinisch Claudius Ptolomaeus ; * um 100, möglicherweise in Ptolemais Hermeiou , Ägypten ; † vor 180, vermutlich in Alexandria ) [1] war ein griechischer Mathematiker , Geograph , Astronom , Astrologe , Musiktheoretiker und Philosoph . Ptolemäus wirkte als Bibliothekar an der berühmten antiken Bibliothek in Alexandria . Insbesondere seine drei Werke zur Astronomie, Geografie und Astrologie galten in Europa bis in die frühe Neuzeit als wichtige umfangreiche Datensammlungen und wissenschaftliche Standardwerke. So schrieb Ptolemäus die Mathematike Syntaxis („mathematische Zusammenstellung“), später Megiste Syntaxis („größte Zusammenstellung“), heute Almagest (abgeleitet vom Arabischen al-maǧisṭī ) genannte Abhandlung zur Mathematik und Astronomie in 13 Büchern.
Claudius Ptolemäus
Der Gottorfer Riesenglobus, Neubau von 2005 Der Gottorfer Riesenglobus war ein im Garten des Gottorfer Schlosses bei Schleswig aufgestellter begehbarer Globus mit einem Durchmesser von drei Metern, der zwischen 1650 und 1664 im Auftrag Herzog Friedrichs III. von Gottorf entstand und europaweit berühmt wurde. Die Konstruktion des Globus oblag dem herzoglichen Hofgelehrten und Bibliothekar Adam Olearius , der Limburger Büchsenmacher Andreas Bösch führte das Werk aus.
Gottorfer Riesenglobus
§33. Polar Diagrams We now come to the circular or polar representations of the “P” (not to be confused with “polarity” as a value-form). Here there are three different elementary possibilities: 1) the simple circular form of the “P”, in which the right- or oblique-angled coordinate grid is converted into polar coordinates; 2) the division of the circle (either of the circumference or the angle at the center) according to the measure of the partial-tone ratios; and 3) the transformation of these ratios, i.e. the “P”, into vectors (angles), while simultaneously notating them as distances from the center or the generator-tone circle. Figure 272 §33.1.
§33
Стив Блэйк. Системы полярных координат и астрология местоположения
© Стив Блэйк. Евроазиатский филиал NCGR, 1997. © Перевод Ю. Олешко, Е.Figure of the heavenly bodies — An illustration of the Ptolemaic geocentric system by Portuguese cosmographer and cartographer Bartolomeu Velho , 1568 (Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris) In astronomy , the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism , or the Ptolemaic system ), is a description of the cosmos where Earth is at the orbital center of all celestial bodies. This model served as the predominant cosmological system in many ancient civilizations such as ancient Greece . As such, they assumed that the Sun , Moon , stars , and naked eye planets circled Earth, including the noteworthy systems of Aristotle (see Aristotelian physics ) and Ptolemy . [ 1 ] Two commonly made observations supported the idea that Earth was the center of the Universe. The first observation was that the stars, the sun, and planets appear to revolve around Earth each day, making Earth the center of that system.
Geocentric model
Andreas Cellarius 's illustration of the Copernican system, from the Harmonia Macrocosmica (1660). Heliocentrism , or heliocentricism , [ 1 ] is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around a stationary Sun at the center of the Solar System . The word comes from the Greek ( ἥλιος helios "sun" and κέντρον kentron "center"). Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism , which placed the Earth at the center. The notion that the Earth revolves around the Sun had been proposed as early as the 3rd century BC by Aristarchus of Samos , [ 2 ] but Aristarchus's heliocentrism attracted little attention until Copernicus revived and elaborated it. [ 3 ] Lucio Russo , however, argues that this is a misleading impression resulting from the loss of scientific works of the Hellenistic Era.
Heliocentrism
House (astrology)
Most horoscopic traditions of astrology systems divide the horoscope into a number (usually twelve) of houses whose positions depend on time and location rather than on date. In Hindu astrological tradition these are known as Bhāvas .
Circle
A circle is a simple shape of Euclidean geometry that is the set of all points in a plane that are a given distance from a given point, the centre .
Solar System
The Solar System [ a ] consists of the Sun and its planetary system of eight planets , their moons , and other non-stellar objects .
Astrology
People who study Astrology are called an astrologer, astrologist or a mathematicus. Astrology is considered as a form of divination and is different from the study of astronomy. The word Astrology stems from the Greek. The belief in astrology is that the positions of certain celestial bodies either influence or correlate with a persons personality trait.