Earth First! Earth First!
Is a radical environmental advocacy group[1] that emerged in the Southwestern United States in 1979. It was co-founded on April 4th, 1980[2] by Dave Foreman, Mike Roselle, Howie Wolke, Bart Koehler, and Ron Kezar.[3] There are Earth First! Groups in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Netherlands, Belgium, Philippines, Czech Republic, India, Mexico, France, Germany, New Zealand, Poland, Nigeria, Slovakia, Ireland, Italy, and Spain.[4] Provoked by what they considered a sell-out by mainstream environmental advocates during the "RARE II" (the Forest Service's Roadless Area Review and Evaluation) planning process, the activists envisioned a revolutionary movement to set aside multi-million acre ecological preserves all across the United States.
The early years[edit] On May 23, 1985, Mike Jakubal made the first Earth First! Starting in the mid-1980s, Earth First! Earth First! Since 1990, action within the Earth First! Earth First! Judi Bari Car Bombing[edit] MOVE. MOVE is a Philadelphia-based, self-proclaimed black liberation group founded by John Africa (born Vincent Leaphart) in 1972.
The group lives communally and frequently engages in public demonstrations against racism, police brutality, and other issues. The group is particularly known for two major conflicts with the Philadelphia Police. In 1978, a standoff resulted in the death of one police officer, injuries to several other people and life sentences for 9 members. In 1985, another standoff was ended when the police dropped a bomb on their compound, which was a rowhome in the middle of a city street; Osage Ave. This resulted in the deaths of 11 MOVE members, including the leader John Africa and 5 children, the destruction of 65 houses and widespread news coverage. [1] Origins[edit] MOVE was originally called the Christian Movement for Life when it was founded in 1972. 1978 shoot-out[edit] The MOVE 9[edit] 1985 bombing[edit] Fallout[edit] 2002 shooting of John Gilbride[edit]
Black Panther Party. The Black Panther Party or BPP (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a black revolutionary socialist organization active in the United States from 1966 until 1982.
The Black Panther Party achieved national and international notoriety through its involvement in the Black Power movement and U.S. politics of the 1960s and 1970s.[2] Federal Bureau of Investigation Director J. Edgar Hoover called the party "the greatest threat to the internal security of the country,"[8] and he supervised an extensive program (COINTELPRO) of surveillance, infiltration, perjury, police harassment and many other tactics designed to undermine Panther leadership, incriminate party members and drain the organization of resources and manpower. Through these tactics, Hoover hoped to diminish the Party's threat to the general power structure of the U.S., or even maintain its influence as a strong undercurrent.[9] Origins[edit] In 1966, Huey P.
Black Panther Party founders Bobby Seale and Huey P.