Video: Werner Erhard speaks to Kennedy School students @SpokenWord.org. Multiple Realizability. First published Mon Nov 23, 1998; substantive revision Tue Jan 15, 2013 In the philosophy of mind, the multiple realizability thesis contends that a single mental kind (property, state, event) can be realized by many distinct physical kinds. A common example is pain. Many philosophers have asserted that a wide variety of physical properties, states, or events, sharing no features in common at that level of description, can all realize the same pain. This thesis served as a premise in the most influential argument against early theories that identified mental states with brain states (psychoneural identity theories).
It also served in early arguments for functionalism. Reductionists have offered numerous responses. 1. 1.1 What is Multiple Realizability? In a pair of examples illustrating multiple realizability in special sciences (economics and psychology), Jerry Fodor (1974) implicitly distinguished between two types of the relation. 1.3 Arguments for Functionalism 2. Werner Erhard - Being Well. By Werner Erhard, Victor Gioscia, and Ken Anbender Chapter 5 of the book, BEYOND HEALTH AND NORMALITY: Explorations of Exceptional Psychological Well-Being, edited by Roger Walsh, M.B., Ph.D. and Deane H. Shapiro, Jr. Ph.D., published 1983 Our intention in the following essay is to offer the reader an opportunity to reflect on an issue which is central in our time—the search for a new paradigm—a profound new definition of human well being.
Since we regard the reader's reflection as a sufficient resource to arrive at a satisfying conclusion, we shall not ourselves attempt to define—or redefine—human illness or wellness; nor shall we present a new paradigm from which an intelligent definition of well being might reasonably be deduced. We will elucidate paradigms in general and paradigms of well being in particular. We shall not add conceptual complexity to the issues at hand.
Our method will be to pass in review: We live in interesting times. Yet, paradigms have shifted before. Werner Erhard - Being Well. Werner Erhard - Being Well. Werner Erhard. Werner Erhard.