American Indians
American Indian Films
William Holland Thomas, state legislator and “white chief” of the Cherokee, was 56 years old when the Civil War began.
The Thomas Legion - North Carolina Digital History
The Indian-Pioneer Papers oral history collection spans from 1861 to 1936.
Indian-Pioneer Papers Collection
Indian removal
Early in the 19th century, while the rapidly-growing United States expanded into the lower South, white settlers faced what they considered an obstacle.Tecumseh, meaning Shooting Star, was born in 1768 near Chillicothe, Ohio to the Shawnee tribe; specifically he was the son of the reigning Chief, Pukeshinwau.
Tecumseh - Ohio History Central - A product of the Ohio Historical Society
abama Department of Archives and History, Using Primary Sources in the Classroom: Creek Indian War, 1813-1814 Unit
In the early part of the sixteenth century, white explorers who visited the territory now forming the southeastern United States found it occupied by tribes of American Indians who had lived there for centuries. The Creek, Cherokee, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw Indians saw the land they inhabited become an object of desire for the visitors.
As he reviewed the reports of the Lewis and Clark expedition, Thomas Jefferson read of encounters with the Sioux, Mandan, Shoshone, Nez Perce, and various other Native American communities. Although these Indian Nations were relatively new to Jefferson, American Indians were not, as his personal encounters with Indians began during his boyhood in Virginia and extended through his public career and into his retirement.
Thomas Jefferson and American Indians
Lewis and Clark . Native Americans
While Lewis and Clark were the first Americans to see much of what would become the western United States, those same lands had long been occupied by native peoples.
It was as President of the United States that Thomas Jefferson had the greatest impact on the Indian nations of North America.
President Jefferson and the Indian Nations
At the close of the American Revolution the British ignored their Indian allies and ceded all British lands from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River to the new United States. Increasing numbers of settlers in the Ohio Valley often skirmished with the many woodland Indian peoples who stayed on their ancestral lands. President Washington sent the first of three armies into the region in 1790.
"The Print of My Ancestors' Houses are Every Where to be Seen": Little Turtle Balks at Giving Up Land to General Anthony Wayne, 1795
Battle of Fallen Timbers - Ohio History Central - A product of the Ohio Historical Society
The Battle of Fallen Timbers was an important victory for the United States Army against natives in the Northwest Territory.The American Revolution divided Indian communities as well as Euro-American ones.
The War for Independence Through Seneca Eyes: Mary Jemison Views the Revolution, 1775-79
The Northwest Ordinance , officially titled "An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States North West of the River Ohio," was adopted by the Confederation Congress on July 13, 1787.
Northwest Ordinance: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of Congress)
The American Revolution
American Indians and the American Revolution by Collin G.In 1763, the Treaty of Paris brought the French and Indian War to a close.