Ostrom: Response: The Institutional Analysis and... Institutional Grammar Tool | Academics. The IAD’s Institutional Grammar Tool (IGT) was first proposed by Sue Crawford and Elinor Ostrom (1995) to help systematically identify and code rules-in-form presented in various types of policy documents. The Institutional Grammar offers researchers an effective method for conducting a micro-level analysis of institutions. This valuable tool allows policy process scholars to ascertain the genetic code of policies that guide activities within various political arenas. The IGT provides a prescribed coding structure to identify and dissect institutional statements, such as those found in almost any policy, from legislative directives to organizational by-laws. The IGT is meant to be applied to almost any policy-related document, such as state or federal legislation. The IGT describes how to divide phrases from the documents into institutional statements and then dissecting these statements in accordance with a prescribed coding structure.
The Grammar includes five components: Dr. IAD Home | Academics. Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) Framework emerged from the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University, Bloomington. Pioneered by Elinor and Vincent Ostrom, it is the product of multiple collaborations among researchers from around the world who are interested in understanding how individuals behave in collective action settings and the institutional foundations that inform such arrangements. The IAD Framework offers researchers a way to understand the policy process by outlining a systematic approach for analyzing institutions that govern action and outcomes within collective action arrangements (Ostrom, 2007, 44).
Institutions are defined within the IAD Framework as a set of prescriptions and constraints that humans use to organize all forms of repetitive and structured interactions (Ostrom, 2005, 3). These prescriptions can include rules, norms, and shared strategies (Crawford and Ostrom 1995; Ostrom 1997). Tanya HeikkilaChris Weible Drs. "Trends that Change Everything in 21st Century Learning and Teaching" / "Defining Taxonomies" / "The World Earth Catalog Redux" “Five Socio-Technology Trends that Change Everything in 21st Century Learning and Teaching” - Stephen Wilmarth, Center for 21st Century Skills, Yale ISP Fellow Abstract New digital technologies open the door on changes in learning and teaching that go much deeper than anything we’ve experienced in history. Converging technologies are augmented by new social patterns, creating a “virtuous cycle” of new knowledge creation.
Until now, technology has made its impact on productivity in global commerce, as we’ve defined it by industrial age standards. So, e-mail, the World Wide Web and cell phones have made us more accessible, more mobile, and more productive in our daily lives. The problem is, our measurements of productivity continue to be grounded in industrial age standards and ideas.
Biography Stephen Wilmarth is currently a Senior Program Specialist and Co-Founder of the Center for 21st Century Skills in Litchfield, Connecticut. Prior to joining the Berkman Center, Ms. Debian - Governance. From Jeremy Malcom: "One final example of hierarchical ordering in open source software development is found in comparing two similar Linux-based operating system distributions, Debian GNU/Linux and Ubuntu. The Debian project was the first to be established, in 1993. Although not incorporated, an associated incorporated body Software in the Public Interest, Inc (SPI) was formed in 1997 to provide the Debian project (along with various other open source projects) with administrative and legal support. It does not take an active role in the development of the Debian distribution. The Debian project is led by a Project Leader who is elected by the project’s members, known as its Developers (or Maintainers), for a one year term.
Source: Book: Multi-Stakeholder Governance and the Internet Governance Forum. Jeremy Malcolm. Governance in Debian From Mathieu O'Neil's Cyberchiefs: Excerpt from Chapter 7: The Imperfect Committee As for DPLs, their authority is qualified. References 12 Ibid. 14 ‘5.3. Identity Management as a Cybersecurity Case Study. Published August 31, 2005 Authored by Mary Rundle Abstract: In our increasingly networked world, information relating to an individual is of interest for its commercial value and for its potential to help promote a safe electronic realm, among other things. In the area of commerce, there are markets demanding the collection of personal data, and at the same time there are markets demanding the protection of that data.
This paper explores the intersection of international law and technology in the area of digital identity management. A Crowd of One: The Future of Individual Identity. Published April 18, 2007 Authored by John Clippinger Purchase This Publication Book Description, from Amazon: The individual is not what he or she was. During the Enlightenment, the individual was the antidote to the unruly mob, the locus of rights and freedoms, a check on the power of the state, and the way to unleash the power of the free market.
But the Enlightenment trampled over some old truths--the power of the community, a sense of "common stock"--now newly relevant and confirmed by the science of evolutionary biology and social physics. John Henry Clippinger shows that we are, in fact, much less individualistic that we have been taught. The hardwiring of our brains has predisposed us to derive a sense of self through our interactions with others; in isolation, a child's growth is stunted, and those qualities we deem most distinctly human--language and empathy--fail to develop.
Now, identity is again at the forefront of the most important debates of our era. Everything is Miscellaneous. Published April 30, 2007 Authored by David Weinberger Purchase This PublicationBook Homepage Amazon.com Editorial Review: Human beings are information omnivores: we are constantly collecting, labeling, and organizing data.
But today, the shift from the physical to the digital is mixing, burning, and ripping our lives apart. In the past, everything had its one place--the physical world demanded it--but now everything has its places: multiple categories, multiple shelves. Simply put, everything is suddenly miscellaneous. In Everything Is Miscellaneous, David Weinberger charts the new principles of digital order that are remaking business, education, politics, science, and culture. From A to Z, Everything Is Miscellaneous will completely reshape the way you think--and what you know--about the world. Review by Cory Doctorow.
Overcoming the Achilles Heel of Copyright Law. Authored by Haochen Sun Download from SSRN Abstract: With the recent proliferation of international, regional and bilateral treaties associated with copyright protection, the three-step test has been hailed as the panacea for measuring the legality of all limitations on copyright. This article challenges the legitimacy of the three-step test which sets up a one-size-fits-all standard for copyright protection. The Principles of Distributed Innovation. Published September 30, 2007 Authored by Karim R. Lakhani, Jill Panetta Download from SSRN Abstract: Distributed innovation systems are an approach to organizing for innovation that seems to meet the challenge of accessing knowledge that resides outside the boundaries of any one organization.
We provide an overview of distributed innovation systems that are achieving success in three different industries. Mapping the Arabic Blogosphere: Politics, Culture and Dissent. Political Change in the Digital Age: The Fragility and Promise of Online Organizing. Online Security in the Middle East and North Africa. Published August 01, 2011 Authored by Rob Faris, Hal Roberts, Rebekah Heacock, Ethan Zuckerman, Urs Gasser Download PDF Digital communication has become a more perilous activity, particularly for activists, political dissidents, and independent media. The recent surge in digital activism that has helped to shape the Arab spring has been met with stiff resistance by governments in the region intent on reducing the impact of digital organizing and independent media.
No longer content with Internet filtering, many governments in the Middle East and around the world are using a variety of technological and offline strategies to go after online media and digital activists. In this report we describe the results of a survey of 98 bloggers in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) carried out in May 2011 in order to study bloggers’ perceptions of online risk and the actions they take to address digital communications security, including both Internet and cell phone use. 2011 Circumvention Tool Evaluation. Published August 18, 2011 Authored by Hal Roberts, Ethan Zuckerman, John Palfrey Download PDF Given the rising awareness of the potential of the Internet as a political space and increasing government control over the space, it is easy to understand the widespread interest in finding technical solutions to Internet filtering.
While filtering circumvention technologies emerged in 1996 with Bennet Hazelton’s Peacefire, designed to evade filtering within US high schools and universities, in recent years, there’s been a great deal of interest in the technical community and the general public in the topic of Internet circumvention. The embrace of an “Internet freedom” agenda by US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in a pair of widely publicized speeches has increased awareness of the challenges of Internet filtering and encouraged new actors to explore or enter the field. The Evolving Landscape of Internet Control.
Published August 18, 2011 Authored by Hal Roberts, Ethan Zuckerman, Rob Faris, Jillian York, John Palfrey Download PDF Over the past two years, we have undertaken several studies at the Berkman Center designed to better understand the control of the Internet in less open societies. During the years we’ve been engaged in this research, we have seen many incidents that have highlighted the role of the Internet as a battleground for political control, including partial or total Internet shutdowns in China, Iran, Egypt, Libya, and Syria; many hundreds of documented DDoS, hacking, and other cyber attacks against political sites; continued growth in the number of countries that filter the Internet; and dozens of well documented cases of on- and offline persecution of online dissidents.
Account Deactivation and Content Removal: Guiding Principles and Practices for Companies and Users. Published September 20, 2011 Authored by Erica Newland, Caroline Nolan, Cynthia Wong, Jillian York Download PDF In partnership with colleagues at the Center for Democracy & Technology, the Berkman Center is pleased to release a report on “Account Deactivation and Content Removal: Guiding Principles and Practices for Companies and Users.” This report explores these dilemmas and recommends principles, strategies, and tools that companies and users alike can adopt to mitigate the negative effects of account deactivation and content removal.
Through case examples, we outline the ways in which platform providers can have a positive impact on user trust and behavior by being more clear and consistent in developing ToU and other policies, responding to and evaluating suspected violations, and providing opportunities for recourse and appeal. This document grew out of an ongoing learning series hosted by the Global Network Initiative (GNI), of which the Berkman Center and CDT are founding members.