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The Labeling used on Marshall Plan aid packages. The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program , ERP ) was the American program to aid Europe , in which the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism . [ 1 ] The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April 1948. [ 2 ] The goals of the United States were to rebuild a war-devastated region, remove trade barriers , modernize industry, and make Europe prosperous again. [ 3 ] The initiative [ 4 ] was named after Secretary of State George Marshall . The plan had bipartisan support in Washington, where the Republicans controlled Congress and the Democrats controlled the White House. The Plan was largely the creation of State Department officials, especially William L.
Top left : The Tennessee Valley Authority , part of the New Deal, being signed into law in 1933. Top right : Franklin Delano Roosevelt , who was responsible for initiatives and programs collectively known as the New Deal. Bottom : A public mural from one of the artists employed by the New Deal. The New Deal was a series of economic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936.
Silicon Valley is the southern region of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California , in the United States . The region, whose name derives from the Santa Clara Valley in which it is centered, is home to many of the world's largest technology corporations as well as thousands of small startups. [ 1 ] The term originally referred to the region's large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually came to refer to all the high-tech businesses in the area; it is now generally used as a metonym for the American high-tech sector.