FRONT. VET. SCI. 24/03/21 Outbreaks of Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases Are Associated With Changes in Forest Cover and Oil Palm Expansion at Global Scale. Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has called to investigate the consequences of biodiversity loss for the emergence of zoonotic diseases (1–4).
Deforestation is a major cause of biodiversity loss (5) and the latest report on forests by United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has emphasized the negative impact of deforestation on human health (6). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations (UN) specifically refers to the importance of forests. More precisely, the SDG 15 has two indicators with the first one that measures the proportion of the global forest area and the second one that assesses progress toward Sustainable Forest Management. The Aichi target 5 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) calls for a sharp decrease of the rate of loss of forests which should be to zero by 2020 (7). Materials and Methods Results Figure 1.
Figure 2. Relationships by country were investigated using GAM. Funding. INRAE 07/05/20 Analyse de 65 ans de travaux sur le lien entre forêt, déforestation et émergence de maladies infectieuses. Photo : Construction de route en Papouasie-Occidentale.
Le virus SARS-Cov2, responsable de la pandémie actuelle de COVID-19 affectant le monde entier, serait issu d’une probable recombinaison entre les virus de deux espèces animales différentes faisant l’objet, pour l'une d'elle, de chasse ou de trafic illicite. Comme de très nombreuses maladies émergentes affectant les humains, il s’agit donc d’une zoonose, c’est-à-dire une infection d’origine animale. Dans les zones intertropicales où se concentre une diversité biologique importante et où les sociétés demeurent encore très vulnérables, certaines populations humaines sont aujourd’hui confrontées de manière plus importante à de nouvelles menaces sanitaires issues des animaux sauvages.
En pratiquant la déforestation pour le développement d’une agriculture et de l’élevage, ces mêmes communautés entrent en contact avec des cycles microbiens qu’abritent les grands biomes forestiers. MONGABAY - DEFORESTATION - AUGMENTATION DES MALADIES TROPICALES. Un forêt fonctionnant bien a une grande capacité de régénération.
La chasse exhaustive d'espèces de forêt tropicale humide peut réduire ces espèces nécessaires à la continuité et régération de la forêt. Par exemple, en centre Afrique, la perte d'espèces telles que les gorilles, chimpanzés, et éléphants réduit les possibilités de dispersion des graines et ralentit le rétablissement de la forêt endommagée. La perte d'habitat dans les Tropiques affecte aussi la régénération des espèces de milieu tempéré. Les oiseaux migrateurs d'Amérique du Nord, qui sont importants dans la dissménination d'espèces tempérées, déclina de 1 à 3% par an entre 1978 et1988.
PLOS - 2008 - Social Exclusion Modifies Climate and Deforestation Impacts on a Vector-Borne Disease. Abstract Background The emergence of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) has been associated with changes in the relationship between people and forests, leading to the view that forest ecosystems increase infection risk and subsequent proposal that deforestation could reduce re-emergence of this disease.
Methodology/Principal Findings We analyzed county-level incidence rates of ACL in Costa Rica (1996–2000) as a function of social and environmental variables relevant to transmission ecology with statistical models that incorporate breakpoints. Once social marginality was taken into account, the effect of living close to a forest on infection risk was small, and diminished exponentially above a breakpoint. Conclusions/Significance Social factors, which previously have not been evaluated rigorously together with environmental and climatic factors, appear to play a critical role that may ultimately determine disease risk. PARLEMENT EUROPEEN - Réponse à question E-004469-15 Illegal deforestation.
Parasitology. 1993;106 Suppl:S55-75. Deforestation: effects on vector-borne disease. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 94, Suppl. I: 379-384, 1999 Chagas Disease: from Bush to Huts and Houses. Is it the Case of the Brazilian Amazon? Med Clin N Am 92 (2008) 1473–1491 Disease Emergence from Global Climate and Land Use Change. The Journal of Experimental Biology 213, 955-960 2010 Deforestation and avian infectious diseases. INTECH 30/03/12 Deforestation and Water Borne Parasitic Zoonoses. GLOBAL CHANGE & HUMAN HEALTH, VOLUME 1, NO. 1 (2000) Deforestation, hunting and the ecology of microbial emergence. Climate Variability and Change—Hydrological Impacts (Proceedings of the Fifth FRIEND World Conference held at Havana, Cuba, November 2006), Impact des modifications d’habitats (déforestation, aménagements hydro-agricoles, extension des cultures) sur la s.
CDC EID - DEC 2005 - Bushmeat Hunting, Deforestation, and Prediction of Zoonotic Disease Emergence. CAB 31/05/16 An economic assessment of genomics research and development initiative projects in forestry. THE BULLETIN 15/02/11 Deforestation and emerging diseases. In the late 1990s a deadly new disease emerged from the tropical forests of Malaysia, spread by fruit bats whose natural habitat had been destroyed by deforestation.
The Malaysian government was unprepared for this new disease and subsequently bore high costs from the outbreak, including more than 100 human lives lost as well as an economically devastating collapse of its pig-farming industry. Eventually, the new scourge was identified and named: the Nipah virus. Forests play a well-known, important role in protecting biodiversity and absorbing carbon dioxide emissions. A less-recognized fact is that maintaining forests can also protect human health by helping prevent the emergence of infectious diseases.
A number of infectious diseases are associated with deforestation, including yellow fever, dengue, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Lyme disease. A dangerous disease emerges from the forest. Crucial economic consequences.