Irish language. Irish (Gaeilge) is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European languages family, originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people.
Irish is spoken as a first language by a small minority of Irish people, and as a second language by a rather larger group. Irish enjoys constitutional status as the national and first official language of the Republic of Ireland, and is an officially recognised minority language in Northern Ireland. It is also an official language of the European Union. The public body Foras na Gaeilge is responsible for the promotion of the language throughout the island of Ireland. Irish was the predominant language of the Irish people for most of their recorded history, and they brought it with them to other countries, notably Scotland and the Isle of Man, where it gave rise to Scottish Gaelic and Manx.[5][6][7] It has the oldest vernacular literature in Western Europe.[8] Names[edit] listen ).
History[edit] Phonology[edit] Diphthongs: iə, uə, əi, əu. Hiberno-English. Hiberno‐English (sometimes referred to as Irish English[1]) is the dialect of English written and spoken in Ireland (Latin: Hibernia).[2] It comprises a number of sub-dialects, such as Ulster English, Dublin English and Cork English.
English was brought to Ireland as a result of the Norman invasion of the late 12th century. Initially, it was mainly spoken in an area known as the Pale around Dublin, with Irish spoken throughout the rest of the country. By the Tudor period, Irish culture and language had regained most of the territory lost to the colonists: even in the Pale, "all the common folk… for the most part are of Irish birth, Irish habit, and of Irish language".[3] However, the English conquest and colonization of Ireland in the 16th century marked a revival in the use of English. By the mid-19th century, English was the majority language spoken in the country. Vocabulary[edit] Loan words from Irish[edit] Some examples include: Derived words from Irish[edit] Others[edit] To be[edit]
Ogham.
Gaeltacht. Official Gaeltacht regions in Ireland Gaeltacht (Irish pronunciation: [ˈɡeːl̪ˠt̪ˠəxt̪ˠ] or [ˈɡeːl̪ˠhəxt̪ˠ]; plural Gaeltachtaí) is the Irish language word meaning an Irish-speaking region.
In Ireland, the Gaeltacht, or an Ghaeltacht, refers individually to any, or collectively to all, of the districts where the government recognises that the Irish language is the predominant language, that is, the vernacular spoken at home.[1] These districts were first officially recognised during the early years of the Irish Free State, after the Gaelic Revival, as part of government policy to restore the Irish language.[2] It is now recognised that the validity of Gaeltacht boundaries is threatened by serious language decline. Boundaries[edit] An Ghaeltacht 1926; areas of the island of Ireland which would have qualified for Gaeltacht status according to the recommendations of the first Coimisiún na Gaeltachta An Ghaeltacht 1956 Linguistic crisis in the Gaeltacht[edit] Northern Ireland[edit] Bard. Originally a specific class of poet, contrasting with another class known as fili in Ireland and Highland Scotland, the term "bard", with the decline of living bardic tradition in the modern period, acquired generic meanings of an epic author/singer/narrator, comparable with the terms in other cultures (minstrel, skald, scop, rhapsode, udgatar, griot, ashik) or any poets, especially famous ones.
For example, William Shakespeare is known as the Bard or the Bard of Avon.[1] The musical and poetic traditions are most strongly perpetuated in Wales and elsewhere by the Gorsedd of bards and through the National Eisteddfod of Wales (Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru). Etymology and origin[edit] The word is a Celtic loan word from Scottish Gaelic bàrd, Irish bard, Welsh bardd.
In Scotland in the 16th century it was a derogatory term for an itinerant musician, but was later romanticised by Sir Walter Scott.[1] Irish bards[edit] History of Irish bards[edit] Scottish bards[edit] Welsh bards[edit]