Double Your Output Current With Parallel Voltage Regulators | Power content from Electronic Design. To improve efficiency in high-power applications, voltage regulators can be used in parallel to double output current capability—if a means of forcing current sharing is provided. One circuit approach uses sense resistors in series with the load and is applicable to regulators of any type. With a slight modification, it can be placed ahead of the regulators sensing input current.
Another method is most applicable to synchronous switchers since it requires the presence of a low-side sense elements, which can be resistors or FETs. There are times designers may want to parallel regulators to double current or improve efficiency. 1. 2. 3. 4. Figures 1a and 1b show adjustable regulator blocks connected in parallel. Most voltage regulators use a high-gain feedback loop to slave VOUT to an internal voltage reference so that an error signal at the feedback pin of only a few millivolts will cause a full-scale change at VOUT.
(For Fig. 1a) (For Fig. 1b) Example 1: VOSmax = ID × RS/2 (8) Example 2: PIC Timer Calculator. Real-Time Audio Spectrum Analyser. Introduction This project implements a real-time audio spectrum analyser using a PIC18F4550 8-bit microcontroller. The spectrum frequency analysis is performed by a highly optimised 16-bit Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) routine coded entirely in C. The output from the FFT is displayed using a 128x64 graphical LCD to allow a real-time view of an audio signal. YouTube Demonstration Video Hardware In order to perform a FFT calculation on an audio signal it is necessary to prepare the audio so the PIC18F4550 can sample the signal. The picture shows a full-volume 5000Hz sine wave generated by a PC. In order to correctly sample the signal we have to do two things.
The following oscilloscope trace shows the output signal from the LM386-1 (for the signal shown above), the scope voltage range is set to 5 volts (from pin W3 of the demo board): The hardware mixes the stereo line-in using two 10K resistors which act as a simple mixer. Here is the circuit schematic for the demonstration board: PIC spectrum analyzer uses Fast Fourier Transform routine | Hackaday. The PIC Tutorial - Look-up Table Example. Technical Machine. Microchip PIC. Welcome to the official PICList home page. The PICList is a collection of people interested in the Microchip PIC and other similar processors who have joined the PICList@MIT.EDU mailing list. This web site is an and archive for the email list which was started, and is still maintained, by James Newton who was a former list member and admin for several years. Mr. Newton is (as of 2008/06/09 19:20) no longer an administrator for the PICList mailing list and is in no way responsible for its content.
Useful FAQ sections: Main Index There are also sections for the SX FAQ and AVR FAQ Source Code Library (huge, really... the code you need is here. e.g. How to Join, Manage or Leave the MIT PICList email list. If you are new, read the List Introduction, below, especially the parts about Topics and how to compose a post that will allow us to help you. Please avoid unnecessary list traffic by reviewing the FAQ and searching the archive before posting. HALL OF FAME! PICList Quick FAQ A : Step by step: Circuit explanation of Digital Clock. Clock input circuit 10MHz clock which have ultra precision is used for the input clock. This clock is converted into 50Hz which is 1/200000 by CPLD (XC9536). It is to make time setting correct that it didn't change into 1Hz.When making 1Hz, the setting of a time becomes a second unit.
So, it isn't possible to do setting in the second correctly. In case of 50Hz, because it is adjusted in the 20-millisecond precision, there is no problem in case of practical use.A 50Hz clock is connected with the RB0 port of PIC. The RB0 port can make have the function to do interruption in the change of the input signal. Digit display circuit The figure on the right is displaying the condition to be displaying 10:32:54 p.m. switching every 500 milliseconds.
The specification of the display position is controlled by the binary signal which is output from RA0, RA1 and RA2 port of PIC. Segments of the lighting-up of each digit are controlled using 7 ports of RC6 from RC0 of PIC. PIC oscillation circuit. Marshall Schematics. Sadly, Jim Marshall, the Guv'nor, passed away on march 31st 2012. R.I.P. Dr.Tube humbly salutes the Father of Loud. Jim Marshall started building amps in 1962. He did this together with technical friend Ken Bran. Their first amps were very heavily "inspired" on the 1959 Fender Tweed 4x10" Bassman. Viewing this brief history of the Marshall amps, several era's can be distinguished: The sixties (1962 - 1967) which is the "Jurassic" period of Marshall and is the time of the JTM's.The seventies (1967 - 1981) was the era of the JMP's.The eighties (1981 - 1989) was the era of the JCM800's and the first anniversary amps.The nineties (1990 - 1999) was the era of the JCM900's and the reissues.Year 2000+ is the realm of the JCM2000's and 40 years of Marshall Amps.
Although this division is not entirely accurate, it does give a good impression of the different era's. In the following overview, I try to place the amps in some kind of chronological ordering. The JTM45's JTM45, 45W head The JTM50's. Analog-to-Digital conversion : Electronics Worksheet. Learning to analyze digital circuits requires much study and practice. Typically, students practice by working through lots of sample problems and checking their answers against those provided by the textbook or the instructor. While this is good, there is a much better way. You will learn much more by actually building and analyzing real circuits, letting your test equipment provide the änswers" instead of a book or another person. For successful circuit-building exercises, follow these steps: Draw the schematic diagram for the digital circuit to be analyzed. Carefully build this circuit on a breadboard or other convenient medium.
Check the accuracy of the circuit's construction, following each wire to each connection point, and verifying these elements one-by-one on the diagram. Analyze the circuit, determining all output logic states for given input conditions. Carefully measure those logic states, to verify the accuracy of your analysis. PIC16F877 assembly program problem on a LED cube | All About Circuits. Pic - How can I set the condition code in assembly language? PIC16F877 assembly program problem on a LED cube | All About Circuits. Practical considerations of ADC circuits : Digital-analog Conversion - Electronics Textbook.
Perhaps the most important consideration of an ADC is its resolution. Resolution is the number of binary bits output by the converter. Because ADC circuits take in an analog signal, which is continuously variable, and resolve it into one of many discrete steps, it is important to know how many of these steps there are in total. For example, an ADC with a 10-bit output can represent up to 1024 (210) unique conditions of signal measurement. Over the range of measurement from 0% to 100%, there will be exactly 1024 unique binary numbers output by the converter (from 0000000000 to 1111111111, inclusive). An 11-bit ADC will have twice as many states to its output (2048, or 211), representing twice as many unique conditions of signal measurement between 0% and 100%. Resolution is very important in data acquisition systems (circuits designed to interpret and record physical measurements in electronic form).
Yet another measure of ADC performance is something called step recovery. Speed: Digital ramp ADC : Digital-analog Conversion - Electronics Textbook. Also known as the stairstep-ramp, or simply counter A/D converter, this is also fairly easy to understand but unfortunately suffers from several limitations. The basic idea is to connect the output of a free-running binary counter to the input of a DAC, then compare the analog output of the DAC with the analog input signal to be digitized and use the comparator's output to tell the counter when to stop counting and reset. The following schematic shows the basic idea: As the counter counts up with each clock pulse, the DAC outputs a slightly higher (more positive) voltage. This voltage is compared against the input voltage by the comparator. The effect of this circuit is to produce a DAC output that ramps up to whatever level the analog input signal is at, output the binary number corresponding to that level, and start over again.
Note how the time between updates (new digital output values) changes depending on how high the input voltage is. Analog-to-Digital conversion : Electronics Worksheet.