Arqueologia. Ancient. Timeline. Records. Cappadocia. The Ancient World | Mesopotamia. Driving north out of Samawa towards Baghdad, a short way beyond the Euphrates bridge, a tarmac track leaves the main road, heading eastwards into a scarred, dun-coloured wasteland. Soon you enter the real desert, swept by sandstorms. Then, after 60km or so, a haunting scene unfolds. Looming out of the haze, the eye begins to make out a low range of brown hills, at first shapeless, then taking form: the eroded stumps of ziggurats to the Goddess Ishtar and Anu ("Lord Sky").
This is Warka, a site few places on earth can match for sheer atmosphere, and a landmark in the human story. William Loftus, the first outsider in modern times to see these sights in 1849, was almost overwhelmed: "I know of nothing more exciting or impressive than the first sight of one of these Chaldaean piles, looming in solitary grandeur from the surrounding plains and marshes ... Of all the desolate sites I ever beheld, that of Warka incomparably surpasses all". 4,000 years of history Art and war Saddam's Mesopotamia. Tartessos. Tartessos cultural area. Tartessos (Greek: Ταρτησσός) or Tartessus was a harbor city and surrounding culture on the south coast of the Iberian Peninsula (in modern Andalusia, Spain), at the mouth of the Guadalquivir River. It appears in sources from Greece and the Near East starting in the middle of the first millennium BC, for example Herodotus, who describes it as beyond the Pillars of Heracles (Strait of Gibraltar).[1] Roman authors tend to echo the earlier Greek sources, but from around the end of the millennium there are indications that the name Tartessos had fallen out of use, and the city may have been lost to flooding, though several authors attempt to identify it with cities of other names in the area.[2] Archaeological discoveries in the region have built up a picture of a more widespread culture, identified as Tartessian, that includes some 97 inscriptions in a Tartessian language.
The Tartessians were rich in metal. Location[edit] Archaeological discoveries[edit] J.M. History - Ancient History in depth: From Warrior Women to Female Pharaohs: Careers for Women in Ancient Egypt. Crianca Embalsamada. ON TV: National Geographic's Italy's Mystery Mummies airs in the United States on Tuesday, February 3, at 10 p.m. ET/PT on the National Geographic Channel. January 26, 2009--She's one of the world's best-preserved bodies: Rosalia Lombardo, a two-year-old Sicilian girl who died of pneumonia in 1920. "Sleeping Beauty," as she's known, appears to be merely dozing beneath the glass front of her coffin in the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo, Italy. Now an Italian biological anthropologist, Dario Piombino-Mascali of the Institute for Mummies and the Iceman in Bolzano, has discovered the secret formula that preserved Rosalia's body so well.
(Piombino-Mascali is funded by the National Geographic Society's Expeditions Council. Piombino-Mascali tracked down living relatives of Alfredo Salafia, a Sicilian taxidermist and embalmer who died in 1933. Formalin, now widely used by embalmers, is a mixture of formaldehyde and water that kills bacteria. "[Zinc] gave her rigidity," Williams said. —Karen Lange. List of the oldest buildings in the world - Wikipedia, the ... This article attempts to list the oldest extant freestanding buildings constructed in the world, including on each of the continents and within each country. "Building" is defined as any human-made structure used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy. In order to qualify for the list a structure must: be a recognisable building;incorporate features of building work from the claimed date to at least 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in height;be largely complete or include building work to this height for most of its perimeter.
This consciously excludes ruins of limited height and statues. Dolmens—a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of three or more upright stones supporting a large flat horizontal capstone—unless they were originally covered over to form a barrow and used for collective burials. Dates for many of the oldest structures have been arrived at by radiocarbon dating and should be considered approximate. By continent[edit] Lists Sites. List_of_megalithic_sites. This is a list of monoliths organized according to the size of the largest block of stone on the site. A monolith is a large stone which has been used to build a structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. In this list at least one colossal stone over ten tons has been moved to create the structure or monument. In most cases the ancient civilizations had little, if any, advanced technology that would help the moving of these monoliths.
The most notable exception is that of the ancient Greeks and Romans who had cranes and treadwheels to help lift colossal stones (see List of ancient monoliths). Documented in recent times, there is a list of efforts to move colossal stones that used technology that wasn't more advanced than the technology the ancient civilizations used. Most of these weights are based on estimates by published scholars; however, there have been numerous false estimates of many of these stones presented as facts. Rock density[edit] Moved monoliths[edit]
Was Armistice flawed? The armistice deal signed on 11 November 1918 brought yearned-for relief to Western Europe. But the same pact has been blamed for the return to conflict in Europe only 20 years later. Does the deal deserve the criticism, asks Professor Gerard De Groot of the University of St Andrews. On 27 September 1918, the British Army, reinforced by French, Belgian and Canadian units, attacked the German line in Flanders, Belgium. Progress was not immediately impressive, but that operation did achieve the symbolically important result of piercing the Hindenburg Line, which was supposed to be impregnable. For Erich Ludendorff, the German commander, the jig was up. The Germans therefore notified US President Woodrow Wilson on 6 October that they were willing to discuss an armistice. They approached Mr Wilson because they hoped to get a good deal from a leader who seemed humane. 'Harsh peace' Mr Foch concocted a set of demands designed to render it impossible for the Germans to resume hostilities. 'No hope'
List of historical plagues - Simple English Wikipedia, the free ... This list contains famous or well documented outbreaks of plagues or disease. They are examined in individual entries: Great Plague of Athens (430–427 BC) causal agent: bubonic plague/smallpox/measles/typhus/anthrax/typhoid? Antonine Plague (165–180) causal agent: smallpox/measles? Plague of Cyprian (250) causal agent: smallpox/measles? Nineteenth Century Death Tolls. Indian removal. Routes of southern removals Indian removal was a 19th-century policy of ethnic cleansing[1][2][3][4] by the government of the United States to relocate Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river.
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 26, 1830. Overview[edit] When they withdraw themselves to the culture of a small piece of land, they will perceive how useless to them are their extensive forests, and will be willing to pare them off from time to time in exchange for necessaries for their farms and families. To promote this disposition to exchange lands, which they have to spare and we want, for necessaries, which we have to spare and they want, we shall push our trading uses, and be glad to see the good and influential individuals among them run in debt, because we observe that when these debts get beyond what the individuals can pay, they become willing to lop them off by a cession of lands.
Choctaw[edit]