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Achieve - Cognitive behavioral therapy. CBT has been demonstrated to be effective for the treatment of a variety of conditions, including mood, anxiety, personality, eating, substance abuse, tic, and psychotic disorders. Many CBT treatment programs for specific disorders have been evaluated for efficacy; the health-care trend of evidence-based treatment, where specific treatments for symptom-based diagnoses are recommended, has favored CBT over other approaches such as psychodynamic treatments.[3] However, other researchers have questioned the validity of such claims to superiority over other treatments.[4][5] History[edit] Philosophical roots[edit] Precursors of certain fundamental aspects of CBT have been identified in various ancient philosophical traditions, particularly Stoicism.[6] For example, Aaron T.

Behavior therapy roots[edit] At the same time this of Eysenck's work, B.F. The emphasis on behavioral factors constituted the "first wave" of CBT.[15] Cognitive therapy roots[edit] Behavior and Cognitive Therapies Merge[edit] Achieve - Hipster (1940s subculture) Bing Crosby in 1942 In 1939, the word hepster was used by Cab Calloway in the title of his Hepster's Dictionary, which defines hep cat as "a guy who knows all the answers, understands jive". In 1944, pianist Harry Gibson modified this to hipster[2] in his short glossary "For Characters Who Don't Dig Jive Talk," published in 1944 with the album Boogie Woogie In Blue, featuring the self-titled hit "Handsome Harry the Hipster".[3] The entry for hipsters defined them as "characters who like hot jazz.

" In his book Jazz: A History (1977), Frank Tirro defines the 1940s hipster: To the hipster, Bird was a living justification of their philosophy. The hipster is an underground man. He is to the Second World War what the dadaist was to the first. Marty Jezer, in The Dark Ages: Life in the United States 1945–1960 (1999), provides another definition: The new philosophy of racial role reversal was transcribed by many popular hipster authors of the time. Achieve - Happiness. Happiness is a mental or emotional state of well-being defined by positive or pleasant emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy.[1] A variety of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its sources. Various research groups, including positive psychology, are employing the scientific method to research questions about what "happiness" is, and how it might be attained.

The United Nations declared 20 March the International Day of Happiness to recognise the relevance of happiness and wellbeing as universal goals. Definition Philosophers and religious thinkers often define happiness in terms of living a good life, or flourishing, rather than simply as an emotion. Happiness in this sense was used to translate the Greek Eudaimonia, and is still used in virtue ethics. Happiness is a fuzzy concept and can mean many different things to many people.

Research results Happiness and religion Terror management Buddhism Judaism. Achieve - Reductionism. Descartes held that non-human animals could be reductively explained as automata — De homine, 1662. Reductionism strongly reflects a certain perspective on causality. In a reductionist framework, the phenomena that can be explained completely in terms of relations between other more fundamental phenomena, are called epiphenomena.

Often there is an implication that the epiphenomenon exerts no causal agency on the fundamental phenomena that explain it. Reductionism does not preclude the existence of what might be called emergent phenomena, but it does imply the ability to understand those phenomena completely in terms of the processes from which they are composed. This reductionist understanding is very different from that usually implied by the term 'emergence', which typically intends that what emerges is more than the sum of the processes from which it emerges. Religious reductionism generally attempts to explain religion by boiling it down to certain nonreligious causes.

Types[edit] Transcendence (religion) In religion, transcendence refers to the aspect of a god's nature and power which is wholly independent of the material universe, beyond all physical laws. This is contrasted with immanence, where a god is said to be fully present in the physical world and thus accessible to creatures in various ways. In religious experience transcendence is a state of being that has overcome the limitations of physical existence and by some definitions has also become independent of it.

This is typically manifested in prayer, séance, meditation, psychedelics and paranormal "visions". Although transcendence is defined as the opposite of immanence, the two are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Some theologians and metaphysicians of various religious traditions affirm that a god is both within and beyond the universe (panentheism); in it, but not of it; simultaneously pervading it and surpassing it. Transcendence is described and viewed from a number of diverse perspectives in Hinduism. Thomas J. Backbiting. Backbiting or tale-bearing is to slander someone in their absence — to bite them behind their back. Originally, backbiting referred to an unsporting attack from the rear in the blood sport of bearbaiting.[1] In the Baha'i Faith, Christian and Islamic doctrine, backbiting is considered a sin.

The Baha'i leaders condemned it as the worst of sins as it destroyed the 'life of the soul' and provoked divine wrath.[2] Thomas Aquinas classified it as a venial sin, being commonly found in all mankind, but considered it to be the gravest sin that one could commit against one's neighbour.[3] Islam considers it to be a major sin and the Qur'an compares it to the abhorrent act of eating the flesh of one's dead brother.[4] In Buddhism, backbiting goes against the ideal of right speech.[5] Causes[edit] Backbiting may occur as a form of release after a confrontation. By insulting the opposing person, the backbiter diminishes them and, by doing so, restores their own self-esteem. References[edit] Evolution. At the Institute for the Future's 2011 Ten Year Forecast event in late March, I presented a long talk on ways in which evolutionary and ecological metaphors could inform our understanding of systemic change. The head of the Ten Year Forecast team, IFTF Distinguished Fellow Kathi Vian, thought that the ideas it contained should get a wider viewing, and asked me to put the talk on my blog.

Here it is. It's lightly edited, and only contains a fraction of the slides I used; let me know what you think. We’ve now reached the part of the day where I’ve been asked to make your brains hurt. Don’t worry, there will be alcohol afterwards. The first thing I’m going to do, of course, is talk about dinosaurs. Everybody knows about dinosaurs, right? What if I told you that all of that – all of it – was wrong? Here’s another dinosaur: It turns out that most dinosaurs were actually pretty small and fast, and far more closely related to today’s birds than to lizards.

Oh, and one other thing. Biologist E.O. Where Robot Cars (Robocars) Can Really Take Us. Or how computer geeks can enable the electric car, save the planet and millions of lives using near-term A.I. to make taxis and trucks deliver, park, recharge and drive themselves. For the lastest news and updates , check out my Robocars Blog. People have dreamed of cars that drive themselves for decades. Now, thanks to a contest sponsored by the U.S. military and further work by companies like Google, Volkwagon and Volvo, they are much closer to becoming reality than many people realize.

It now feels possible to make the bold prediction that if we, as a society truly will it, we can make them popular by around 2020. More and more people are ready to declare that -- technology-wise -- it's a question of when, not if. The technology behind this is fascinating, but even more interesting are other questions that surround the robot car future. The staggering numbers that command that we do it.

But I want to start you with some amazingly huge numbers, so large they seem almost absurd. How to increase serotonin in the human brain without drugs. Are You an Introverted Boss? - Douglas R. Conant - The Conversation. By Douglas R. Conant | 10:19 AM April 4, 2011 Every time I’ve taken a Meyers-Briggs test, I score high on the introversion scale. As an introvert, I enjoy being by myself. I sometimes feel drained if I have to be in front of large groups of people I don’t know. After I’ve been in a social situation — including a long day at work — I need quiet time to be alone with my thoughts and recharge.

But as a CEO of a company with more than 18,000 employees, I’ve found myself particularly challenged because so much of my work requires me to be “out there” in front of others. So how do I manage this? Introverts need thinking time. Introverts aren’t as aloof as they appear. One of the best ways I’ve found to help people overcome their discomfort around my behavior is to simply declare myself.

I’ve also found that doing this helps people become much more comfortable about declaring themselves to me. Introverts benefit from familiar touchstones. Douglas R. Execution van. The execution van, also called a mobile execution unit, was developed by the government of the People's Republic of China and were first used in 1997. There is evidence that mobile execution chambers existed before 1997: the state of Delaware in the United States of America purchased a mobile lethal-injection chamber in 1986.[1] The prisoner is strapped to a stretcher and killed inside the van.

The van allows death sentences to be carried out without moving the prisoner to an execution ground. The vans also require less manpower per execution, requiring four persons to assist with the injection.[2] The PRC states that the vans are more humane than previous forms of execution. Human-rights groups predict that the execution rate in China will increase because of mobile capital punishment.[3] Use[edit] After the 1997 decision to legalize lethal injection as a form of execution, PRC officials began using execution vans across China.

Controversy[edit] Notable executions[edit] See also[edit] United States incarceration rate. The incarceration rate in the United States of America is the highest in the world. As of 2009[update], the incarceration rate was 743 per 100,000 of national population (0.743%).[2] While the United States represents about 5 percent of the world's population, it houses around 25 percent of the world's prisoners.[3][4] Imprisonment of America's 2.3 million prisoners, costing $24,000 per inmate per year, and $5.1 billion in new prison construction, consumes $60.3 billion in budget expenditures. Prison population[edit] The United States has the highest documented incarceration rate in the world, at 754 per 100,000 (as of 2009[update]).[2] As of December 31, 2010, the International Centre for Prison Studies (ICPS) at King's College London estimated 2,266,832 prisoners from a total population of 310.64 million as of this date (730 per 100,000 in 2010).[5] The imprisonment rate varies widely by state; Louisiana surpasses this by about 100%, but Maine incarcerates at about a fifth this rate.

I Want To Learn Game Theory : IWantToLearn. IWTL Hot to Shuffle Dance : IWantToLearn. Any advice from older INTPs to pass onto us young people? : INTP. Dominance hierarchy. Systems[edit] An image depicting the social orders a social group may demonstrate. In an egalitarian society, all members are equal, and relative ranking is not assigned. In a linear hierarchy (pecking order), each member is assigned a rank relative to one another, creating a linear distribution of power. In a despotic hierarchy, one member is assigned dominance while all other members are subordinate. This manifestation of intrasexual conflict can be observed in one of two systems. Determining the outcome of conflict[edit] Patterns of animal conflict reveal important insights into the evolution of behavior and the influence of behavior on relationships that develop in a social group. Animal decisions regarding involvement in conflict are defined by the interplay between the costs and benefits of agonistic behaviors.

The asymmetries between individuals have been categorized into three types of interactions.[3] These observed interactions reflect the battle for resources. Dominance[edit] Achieve - Table of similar systems of comparison of temperaments. Beginnings[edit] The Roman physician Galen mapped the four temperaments (sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic) to a matrix of hot/cold and dry/wet, taken from the four classical elements.[1] Two of these temperaments, sanguine and choleric, shared a common trait: quickness of response (corresponding to "heat"), while the melancholic and phlegmatic shared the opposite, a longer response (coldness). The melancholic and choleric, however, shared a sustained response (dryness), and the sanguine and phlegmatic shared a short-lived response (wetness). This meant that the choleric and melancholic both would tend to hang on to emotions like anger, and thus appear more serious and critical than the fun-loving sanguine, and the peaceful phlegmatic.

However, the choleric would be characterized by quick expressions of anger (like the sanguine, with the difference being that the sanguine cools off); while the melancholic would build up anger slowly, silently, before exploding. David W. Hartman Personality Profile. Classifying the Motive Types[edit] The main idea behind the Hartman Personality Profile is that all people possess one of four driving "core motives.

"[2] The driving core motives are classified into four colors: Red, motivated by power; Blue, motivated by intimacy; White, motivated by peace; and Yellow, motivated by fun.[3] Hartman believes the system is simple and at the same time profound. Reds: The Power Wielders[edit] Reds are the power wielders of the world. Reds use logic, vision and determination. Red Strengths Reds are: Action oriented, Assertive, Confident, Decisive, Determined, Disciplined, Independent, Leaders, Logical, Pragmatic, Proactive, Productive, Responsible, and Task-Dominant. Red Limitations Reds often have to be right. Blues: The Do-gooders[edit] Whites: The Peacekeepers[edit] Motivated by Peace, Whites will do anything to avoid confrontation.

White Strengths Whites are kind, considerate, patient and accepting. Yellows: The Fun Lovers[edit] Yellows are motivated by Fun. Four Temperaments. Choleric, melancholic, sanguine, and phlegmatic temperaments Four temperaments is a proto-psychological theory that suggests that there are four fundamental personality types, sanguine (pleasure-seeking and sociable), choleric (ambitious and leader-like), melancholic (analytical and quiet), and phlegmatic (relaxed and peaceful). Most formulations include the possibility of mixtures of the types. The Greek physician Hippocrates (460–370 BC) incorporated the four temperaments into his medical theories as part of the ancient medical concept of humorism, that four bodily fluids affect human personality traits and behaviors. Later discoveries in biochemistry have led modern medicine science to reject the theory of the four temperaments, although some personality type systems of varying scientific acceptance continue to use four or more categories of a similar nature.

History and development[edit] Choleric, sanguine, melancholic, and phlegmatic temperaments The four temperament types[edit] Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation. On Liberty. Dieter Rams. Classical Rhetoric: An Introduction. Classical Rhetoric: A Brief History. Classical Rhetoric: The Three Means of Persuasion. Classical Rhetoric 101: The Five Canons of Rhetoric – Invention. Classical Rhetoric 101: The Five Canons of Rhetoric- Arrangement. Classical Rhetoric 101: The Five Canons of Rhetoric-Style.

Classical Rhetoric 101: The Five Canons of Rhetoric- Memory. Primary - Limerence. Primary - Compersion. Jerry Seinfeld's Productivity Secret - Lifehacker. Varicocele. Videos - FORA.tv - Ethan Watters: The Globalization of the American Psyche. Mark Menjivar. In Defense of My Generation - Jason Oberholtzer - Charts and Leisure. Cultural hegemony. Antonio Gramsci. The Accidental Tourist. Anatomy of a Mashup: Definitive Daft Punk visualised.

Joaquín Guzmán Loera. Wiki - Postliterate society. Noam Chomsky. Venture capital. Economy of Israel. Achieve - Five Temperaments. Executive functions. Marginal utility. Understand - a novelette by Ted Chiang. Methylphenidate. Methamphetamine. Amphetamine. How You Speak Is Just As Important As What You Say. Delta Quadra - Page 17 - the16types.info Socionics Forums. Game theory. Dramaturgy (sociology) Parkinson's Law. Self-actualization. Gentrification. Social psychology (sociology) Pundit (expert) Concision. Epigenetics. Long Ring Fingers Are Attached to Good Looking Guys | Sex, Hormoes & Attractivenessn. Tenure. Antonio Gramsci, schooling and education. Граффити мертвого города. Rational choice theory. Role theory. Affect control theory.

Social exchange theory.