Digitlized lives. Imagessdfvgbhnm. Comments regarding free labour article. What is Digital Labour (Fuchs & Sevignani 2013) Cognitive capitalism - chapter 3 notes. Moulier boutang yann cognitive capitalism. Governmentality: Notes on the Thought of Michel Foucault. Lev Manovich - home. Gender and computing (notes) Gender and the digital. Eugenics. Timeline: Women & Digital Technology. Women & ICTs: from Women Trolling to Empowering Technologies.
The role of women In Digital Technology. The ladies of ENIAC In 1943 the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) comuptuer was beggining to be built, it took a year to be completed and is considered to be the worlds first electronic digital computer and met the needs the armed forces chiefly calculating missile trajectories. It took these six women to work the enormous comupter Kay McNulty, Marlyn Wescoft, Fran Bilas, Ruth Litcterman, Adele Goldstien & Betty Snyder which consisted of 6,000 manual switches 17,468vacuum tubes 5 million soldered joints70,000 resistors 10,000 capacitors1,500 relays took up 167 square meters weighed 30 tonscost over half a million US Dollars.
Gender codes: why women are leaving computing (notes) Gender codes why women are leaving computing. Mothers of Technology: 10 Women Who Invented and Innovated in Tech. Her impact on technology:Largely known as a screen star of the 1920s, Hedy Lamarr proved to be more than just a pretty face. She played a key role in the invention of spread-spectrum technology; specifically, by conceptualizing the idea of frequency hopping, which is a method of sending radio signals from different frequency channels. Lamarr and her co-inventor, George Antheil, developed the technology originally to help the Navy remotely control torpedoes.
The key value of frequency hopping was that the randomized channel switching made it difficult for outside agents to understand what was being communicated. It was, in essence, an early form of encryption technology. The two received a patent on their idea on August 11, 1942, according to the American Heritage of Invention & Technology. But despite lobbying and fundraising efforts on their part, the Navy ultimately passed on the technology. Where is she now? “She was such a creative person. Anita Borg Institute. Thought: Digital Women. The ENIAC Story. World Wide Web The world's first electronic digital computer was developed by Army Ordnance to compute World War II ballistic firing tables. By Martin H. Weik, 1961 Ordnance Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD "...With the advent of everyday use of elaborate calculations, speed has become paramount to such a high degree that there is no machine on the market today capable of satisfying the full demand of modern computational methods.
As in many other first along the road of technological progress, the stimulus which initiated and sustained the effort that produced the ENIAC (electronic numerical integrator and computer)--the world's first electronic digital computer--was provided by the extraordinary demand of war to find the solution to a task of surpassing importance. Two decades of complete indifference toward military preparedness had witnessed its virtual elimination as a factor of any military consequence in the world.
Mr. Up. Carla Meninsky by Allison Bacharach on Prezi. Who is the 'Mother of the Internet'? | HowStuffWorks. A lot of different people have been called the "father of the Internet," including Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn, who invented the Internet protocol suite known as TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). Never heard of those guys? Many people, unless they're really into the history of the Web, probably haven't. There are lots of people whose work went into creating what we know as the Internet (yes, including Al Gore).
But if you've heard of any of the so-called "fathers," have you also wondered if there's a "mother of the Internet"? Well, it depends on who you ask. There is a woman who has been called the "mother of the Internet. " Radia Perlman, a network engineer and software designer with a Ph.D. in computer science from MIT, has made numerous contributions to the Internet as we know it, holding more than 80 related patents.
In 1985, Perlman was working for Digital Equipment Corporation, which was trying to solve the problem of file sharing between computers. Women in Technology. By Jennie Wood A quick look at the history of technology will reveal that women have been involved from the beginning. Starting with Ada Lovelace, the world's first computer programmer, women have been innovators in technology for years. Here's a closer look at some of the most important women involved in the history and evolution of technology. Ada Lovelace Mathematician, Writer, Computer Programmer Born: December 10, 1815 Died: November 27, 1852 Born Augusta Ada Byron on December 10, 1815, the only legitimate child of poet Lord Byron and Anne Isabella Byron, Ada Lovelace was a writer and mathematician. Lord Byron separated from his wife and left England when Ada was just four months old.
Grace Hopper Computer Scientist, U.S. Along with rising to the rank of Rear Admiral in the United States Navy, Grace Hopper was a computer scientist pioneer. The oldest of three children, Hopper was born in New York City. Hedy Lamarr Hedy Lamarr was an internationally known Austrian-American actor. Technology Timeline. Technology Timeline TimelineHistory Timelines of Events provide fast facts and information about famous events in history, such as those detailed in the Technology Timeline, precipitated a significant change in World history. This major historical event is arranged in the Technology Timeline by chronological, or date order, providing an actual sequence of this past event which was of significance to history.
Many historical events, such as detailed in the Technology Timeline, occurred during times of crisis or evolution or change. Many of the famous World events as detailed in the Technology Timeline describe famous, critical and major incidents. The specific period in history detailed in the Technology Timeline led to great changes in the development of World Civilisation. Technology Timeline. IBM - Archives - Women in technology. "If the bringing of women - half the human race - into the center of historical inquiry poses a formidable challenge to historical scholarship, it also offers sustaining energy and a source of strength. " Gerder Lerner, 1982 At IBM women have been making contributions to the advancement of information technology for almost as long as the company has been in existence. Where many companies proudly date their affirmative action programs to the 1970s, IBM has been creating meaningful roles for female employees since the 1930s. This tradition was not the result of a happy accident.
Soon IBM had so many women professionals in its ranks that the company formed a Women's Education Division. The tens of thousands of women who have been IBM employees since the 1930s have built upon that foundation, for women now comprise more than 30 percent of the total U.S. employee population. This rich IBM Heritage is showcased in the WIT Timeline. Not sure what plugboards or petaflops are? Grace Hopper Facts, information, pictures. Jean Sammet | National Center for Women & Information Technology. Background Jean E. Sammet is a retired computer scientist and programmer who is best-known for her work on FORMAC, the first widely used general language and system for manipulating nonnumeric algebraic expressions.
Sammet supervised the first scientific programming group for Sperry Gyroscope Co. (1955-1958). She worked at Sylvania Electric Products (1958-1961) in various positions and while there she served as a key member of the original COBOL committee. She joined IBM in 1961 to organize and manage the Boston Programming Center. During the 1970s and 1980s, she worked for IBM’s Federal Systems Division in various positions, emphasizing programming language issues including Ada. Sammet is the author of “PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES: History and Fundamentals,” which became a standard book on its topic, and was called an “instant computer classic” when published in 1969. Sammet has a B.A. from Mount Holyoke College and an M.A. from the University of Illinois, both in Mathematics. Ada Lovelace: Founder of Scientific Computing. Born: London, England, December 10, 1815 Died: London, England, November 27, 1852 Ada Byron was the daughter of a brief marriage between the Romantic poet Lord Byron and Anne Isabelle Milbanke, who separated from Byron just a month after Ada was born.
Four months later, Byron left England forever. Ada never met her father (who died in Greece in 1823) and was raised by her mother, Lady Byron. Her life was an apotheosis of struggle between emotion and reason, subjectivism and objectivism, poetics and mathematics, ill health and bursts of energy. Lady Byron wished her daughter to be unlike her poetical father, and she saw to it that Ada received tutoring in mathematics and music, as disciplines to counter dangerous poetic tendencies. Lady Byron and Ada moved in an elite London society, one in which gentlemen not members of the clergy or occupied with politics or the affairs of a regiment were quite likely to spend their time and fortunes pursuing botany, geology, or astronomy.
The History of the ENIAC Computer. Updated December 16, 2014. "...With the advent of everyday use of elaborate calculations, speed has become paramount to such a high degree that there is no machine on the market today capable of satisfying the full demand of modern computational methods. " - from the ENIAC patent (U.S.#3,120,606) filed on June 26, 1947.
The ENIAC I In 1946, John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert developed the ENIAC I (Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator). The American military sponsored their research; the army needed a computer for calculating artillery-firing tables, the settings used for different weapons under varied conditions for target accuracy. The Ballistics Research Laboratory, or BRL, the branch of the military responsible for calculating the tables, heard about John Mauchly's research at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering. continue reading below our video Loaded: 0% Progress: 0% Partnership of John Mauchly & John Presper Eckert What Was Inside The ENIAC? Download. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific (Chpt. 1) Frederick Engels Socialism: Utopian and Scientific I [The Development of Utopian Socialism] Modern Socialism is, in its essence, the direct product of the recognition, on the one hand, of the class antagonisms existing in the society of today between proprietors and non-proprietors, between capitalists and wage-workers; on the other hand, of the anarchy existing in production.
But, in its theoretical form, modern Socialism originally appears ostensibly as a more logical extension of the principles laid down by the great French philosophers of the 18th century. Like every new theory, modern Socialism had, at first, to connect itself with the intellectual stock-in-trade ready to its hand, however deeply its roots lay in material economic facts. The great men, who in France prepared men’s minds for the coming revolution, were themselves extreme revolutionists.
They recognized no external authority of any kind whatever. One thing is common to all three. The answer was clear. Next: Dialectics. Rediscovering Utopia | Betterhumans > Column. "Without a vision the people perish. "—Proverbs 29:18 The month in which Islamic terrorists inspired by a utopian vision of a pan-Islamic Sultanate blew up 50 Turks and Britons in Istanbul might seem a strange one in which to argue for the importance of the utopian dimension in politics.
But decidedly pragmatic and nonutopian militants are also killing Iraqis and Americans in Baghdad as part of a well-financed resistance to American "liberation. " People oppress and murder for lots of reasons, and only rarely because they are inspired by a utopian vision. More often, from medieval peasant revolts to Martin Luther King, utopian visions of a freer, more equal and more united future have helped people mobilize against the crushing pragmatic acceptance of day-to-day tyranny and exploitation.
But is utopianism really so bad? Transhumanist visions Similarly, eco activist J.P. Levin and the rest are right, of course. Failure of libertopianism Realizing progress Imagining the options. Renaissance Now? - Rushkoff. I first posted the embryo of this idea on a bbs called the Well back in 1991 or so. I was wondering, at the time, if recent advances in math, physics, technology and culture constituted a new renaissance. The conversation went on for over a year, and became the basis – or at least an the adjunct – for my book, Cyberia. (I had intended to include the whole thing in the new edition of the book, but the publisher preferred to add a few essays and articles, instead.)
I still find myself coming back to this notion of renaissance – whether I’m speaking about open source culture or religion. And I don’t just mean renaissance in the way we commonly think about it today (as some historical movement in art and architecture) but as a full-on shift in our experience of dimensionality. The birth of the Internet era was considered a revolution, by many. Take a look back at what we think of as the original Renaissance – the one we were taught in school. ARPAnet - The First Internet. By Mary Bellis "The Internet may fairly be regarded as a never-ending worldwide conversation.
" - supreme judge statement on considering first amendment rights for Internet users. On a cold war kind of day, in swinging 1969, work began on the ARPAnet, grandfather to the Internet. Designed as a computer version of the nuclear bomb shelter, ARPAnet protected the flow of information between military installations by creating a network of geographically separated computers that could exchange information via a newly developed protocol (rule for how computers interact) called NCP (Network Control Protocol). One opposing view to ARPAnet's origins comes from Charles M. Herzfeld, the former director of ARPA. The first data exchange over this new network occurred between computers at UCLA and Stanford Research Institute.
Four computers were the first connected in the original ARPAnet. "The Internet's pace of adoption eclipses all other technologies that preceded it. All artwork ©MaryBellis. Douglas Rushkoff :: Articles, Columns, Features and Essays. Back in the late 1990s, I became interested in the potential of interactive and networking technologies to enhance the potential for democratic and civi participation…..
Living in the digital media environment changes a lot more than the technologies through which we do business. It changes our relationship to time—having profound effects on businesses, economy, customers. The end of the world really did happen, just like the Mayans said; but not in the way we thought... As I see it, code literacy is a requirement for participation in a digital world. The new edition of Boorstin’s classic book on media and culture, The Image, has just been released from Vintage. For better or worse, the Internet is 'biased to the amateur and to the immediate.' As the financial institutions we have come to rely on appear to topple under their own weight, our natural instinct is to rush to support them.
“Who’s the Rat? Beggining of research.