Nudge your eating habits with the help of Wansink’s expertise. Brian Wansink, Cornell University, is one of the leading researchers when it comes to revealing how automatic thinking influence our eating habits and choices. This post showcase the role played by ‘convenience’. Is there anything more exiting than first eye contact? The kind where you know exactly what comes next. You know precisely what I’m talking about. And when it finally happens, it feels so good.
Your natural urges get gratified instantly. But don’t feel too bad. But before I tell you how to ‘negotiate’ with this part of your human nature, let me first introduce you to Brian Wansink. Wansink is the author of ‘Mindless Eating, why we eat more than we think’, and in his book, he does not simply explain why we eat more than we think, but also how to change small things in our kitchen that can easily help us avoid this.
In this, and the following posts, we will give you a series of teasers on what his book has to offer – starting with the principle of convenience. L'effet rebond: quand économiser l'énergie nous fait consommer plus. Temps de lecture: 4 min Isoler, orienter intelligemment sa maison, changer sa vieille chaudière pour une installation plus performante, voire produire soi-même, par exemple grâce au soleil, une partie de son eau chaude et de son électricité: la recette du bâtiment «vert» est désormais bien connue et ne cesse d'être améliorée au fil des innovations technologiques.
Cela tombe bien puisque l'habitat –ou plus précisément le secteur dit «résidentiel-tertiaire»– est le deuxième plus gros émetteur de GES (gaz à effet de serre) de France, derrière les transports, mais devant l'industrie, avec 24% du total. Au point que la mise aux «meilleures normes environnementales» d'un million de logements neufs et anciens par an fait partie des objectifs officiels de la feuille de route gouvernementale pour diviser par 4 d'ici 2050 les émissions françaises de GES. Mais la tâche est rude. Entre les normes et la réalité, l'écart est parfois impressionnant.
Le progrès technique ne fait pas tout Rien d'étonnant. Britain’s Ministry of Nudges - NYTimes.com. Le Nudge : Comment la théorie du coup de coude a pris un méchant coup de pied. La pensée économique a connu une profonde révolution depuis les travaux du prix Nobel Daniel Khaneman sur l’économie comportementale. En gros, le modèle traditionnel de l’agent rationnel qui effectue ses choix dans l’optique de maximiser ses profits est dépassé. Les économistes ont découvert que, loin d’être de purs esprits, nous possédons des « biais cognitifs », des réflexes conditionnés innés qui influencent inconsciemment notre comportement. Or, ces derniers sont bien plus importants dans nos décisions que la réflexion rationnelle.
Restait à transformer cette théorie en un système de politique publique. Ce pas fut franchi avec la parution en 2008 du livre de Thaler et Sunstein, Nudge ("coup de coude" ; traduit en français sous le titre Nudge : La méthode douce pour inspirer la bonne décision). L’architecture du choix Dans cet essai, les auteurs défendent la notion de "paternalisme libertaire". Le nudge, coincé entre la droite et la gauche. Nudge : comment diriger les masses. Richard THALER, enseignant à l'université de Chicago, est le coauteur d'un livre à succès "Nudge" qui influence nombre de managers et d'hommes politiques Sous titré "La méthode douce pour inspirer la bonne décision" THALER développe le concept de "paternalisme libertaire" : amener les individus à prendre des décisions dans l'intérêt général (c'est quoi l'intérêt général ?)
Et/ou pour leur bien-être (décidé par qui ?) Sans que soit altérée leur liberté de choix (faire croire qu'ils ont le choix) La technique consiste à présenter différentes options de façon astucieuse et peu coûteuse : c'est le coup de pouce ("nudge signifie "pousser du coude") Développé aux USA l'exemple le plus connu est l'épargne retraite. Aux USA peu de gens épargnent pour leur retraite. Autre exemple : les responsables de l'aéroport d'Amsterdam ont fait dessiner une mouche au fond de chaque urinoir. En gros, cette vision des humains consiste à les considérer comme imparfaits, par paresse ou par ignorance. When is a nudge enough? Yesterday I was asked to comment on some comments on nudge, smoking and the Big Gulp Ban made by philosopher Sarah Conly as part of an interview pertaining to her new book Against Autonomy: Justifying Coercive Paternalism as well as her recent NY Times Op Ed titled Three Cheers for the Nanny State. The book itself I couldn’t comment on, since I have yet to read it, but I thought some of my comments on “when a nudge is enough”, which will appear in the Danish newspaper Politiken on Sunday, would be of general interest.
Is behavioural science an argument for paternalism? In ‘Three Cheers for the Nanny State’ Conly argues that behavioural insights gained in the fields of behavioural economics and cognitive psychology, explicitly the work of Daniel Kahneman, call for hard or ‘coercive paternalism’. Obviously this differs somewhat from the well-known conclusion of Thaler and Sunstein who find the same insights to call for Libertarian Paternalism.
So why this difference? Mill's bridge example 1. The ‘Big Gulp Ban’ - a nudge or not? Is NY’s Big Gulp Ban a nudge? It turns out it is both a nudge and a ban. This piece unravels the many layers of the matter and the surrounding discussion. This summer NY mayor Michael Bloomberg suggested banning the sale of super-sized sodas and other sugary drinks more than 16 ounces at venues across the city of New York, including restaurants, movie theaters, and street carts. The ban does not apply to diet sodas, fruit juices, dairy drinks, or alcoholic beverages. Nor does it apply to drinks sold in grocery stores. The ban, which was labeled the “big gulp”, was explained by mayor Bloomberg to be a nudge aimed at promoting more healthy behavior.
In September 2012 the ban was made effective when New York City Board of Health accepted it. Establishments that fail to comply with the ban could face fines of up to 200 dollars. The ban is the first of its kind in the US. Still, the reaction of the industry has been predictable. ”New Yorkers expect and deserve better than this.
How American Banks Undermined the Power of Defaults. Changing the default is one of the most efficient and powerful ways to nudge in the choice architect’s tool-kit. But how did American banks succeed in undermining mandated defaults introduced to protect their customers? And what does it tell us about the power of defaults. In Nudge Thaler and Sunstein lauds defaults as one of the most efficient and powerful ways to nudge in the choice architects tool-kit. In short, defaults are said to be “sticky”. The “stickiness” means that more people than we would expect from a rationalistic standpoint will tend to stick to the default option.
Defaults are interesting because they tell us something fundamental about choices and preferences: people have so many decisions to make that despite holding preferences over the consequences, many just (have to) go with the flow and take whatever the default is for most of these decisions. What Makes Defaults Work The factors that makes defaults stick are many, but among the most important are: References. Trying to Take the Sting Out of a Price Increase. Photo At the last She Owns It Business Group meeting, the owners talked about several pricing issues. Susan Parker, who owns Bari Jay, recently discovered that customers react not only to a price increase but also to the way it is presented. When she learned her factories were raising her prices, she thought she would pass along a 10-percent-per-dress increase to all of customers. But then she had another idea. Bari Jay customers who paid their invoices within 30 days had been receiving an 8 percent discount.
Rather than increasing dress prices for all customers, Ms. Parker decided to discontinue the discount. “I could see that,” said the group member Alexandra Mayzler, who owns Thinking Caps Group. With hindsight, Ms. “I think understanding that these things are going to happen, and building contingencies into your contracts — if you have a contract-type business — helps,” said Jessica Johnson, owner of Johnson Security Bureau. Shifting gears, Ms. Recently, Ms. Ms. “They did,” Ms. Ms. How To ‘Nudge’ Positive User Behavior: A Simple Experiment With Our Cloud Control Panel Login Screen. I just finished a thought provoking book on behavioral psychology: Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. The gist of the book is how institutions and individuals can “nudge” people to make better/improved choices without being paternalistic or sales driven.
Retailers and websites have applied the concepts showcased in Nudge for many years. We decided to take what we learned from the book and conduct a simple product experiment. Here’s our little experiment. We put a simple button on our old control panel login screen, highlighted it in a different color and nudged our users to try the new control panel [see exhibit above].
Let’s compare that to the alternative scenario. It is these little product and user experience details – adding a noticeable, but not distracting option to a familiar scenario – that make our customers happy. Want to know more about Nudge and see some marketing examples using Nudge? Information technology amplifies irrational group behaviour. 11 April 2013 Information technology Web tools and social media are our key sources of information when we make decisions as citizens and consumers. But these information technologies can mislead us by magnifying social processes that distort facts and make us act contrary to our own interests – such as buying property at wildly inflated prices because we are led to believe that everybody else is. New research from the University of Copenhagen, which has just been published in the journal Metaphilosophy, combines formal philosophy, social psychology, and decision theory to understand and tackle these phenomena.
Information technology has become an integral part of our decision processes. “Group behaviour that encourages us to make decisions based on false beliefs has always existed. In the article Infostorms just published in the journal Metaphilosophy, he and fellow researchers Pelle G. Informational cascades and Sex and the City Online discussions take place in echo chambers Contact. How the Internet (and sex) amplifies irrational group behavior. (Credit: New Line Home Video) New research from the University of Copenhagen combines formal philosophy, social psychology, and decision theory to understand and tackle these phenomena. “Group behavior that encourages us to make decisions based on false beliefs has always existed.
However, with the advent of the Internet and social media, this kind of behavior is more likely to occur than ever, and on a much larger scale, with possibly severe consequences for the democratic institutions underpinning the information societies we live in,” says professor of philosophy Vincent F. Hendricks at the University of Copenhagen. He and fellow researchers Pelle G. Hansen and Rasmus Rendsvig analyze a number of social information processes that are enhanced by modern information technology. Informational cascades and Sex and the City Online discussions take place in echo chambers Information selection More info: Hendrick’s Initiative for Information Processing and the Analysis of Democracy. Ways to Nudge Employees Toward Better Health | L&T Health and Fitness. Posted by L&T Health and Fitness on 09 Apr 2013 / 0 Comment No matter how much time and money companies invest in health and wellness programs for their employees, the effort will be lost on those employees who are not motivated to participate.
One of the most effective ways to engage reluctant or indifferent is through the applied use of “behavioral economics” to gently nudge their decision-making in healthy directions. As published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, research led by a group of top universities has shown how cognitive, emotional, social, and psychological factors can influence participation in health initiatives. Behavioral economics has been established as a field of study in commercial purchasing decisions, and now the same principles are being found applicable in the worlds of healthcare and fitness.
Just by employing some seemingly simple measures to encourage commitment and inspire action, behavioral economics can yield significant results. La cascade informationnelle, soupçonnée de jouer sur nos prises de décisions. La multiplicité des contenus proposés en ligne pourrait avoir tendance à donner envie aux individus de se rapprocher de personnes les ressemblant, et d'agir de la même façon. La liberté de choix des consommateurs serait-elle déformée par l'importance qu'ont pris les technologies de l'information dans la vie de tous les jours ? C'est en tout cas ce qu'affirme dans la revue Metaphilosophy, V.F. Hendricks, professeur de philosophie de l'université de Copenhague, qui y décrit le phénomène d'« inforstorm », littéralement tempête d'informations.
Ce phénomène se décomposant en trois principes – cascade informationnelle, effet de proximité et polarisation des groupes – rappelle en effet que la multitude de l'information amplifierait le besoin des individus à se conformer aux autres et leur volonté de sentiment d'appartenance, lors de leur prise de décisions en ligne. Ainsi, concernant le principe de cascade informationnelle, V.F. Des choix faits d'après les autres. New article from us: Nudge and the manipulation of choice. We are happy to announce that our article ‘Nudge and The Manipulation of Choice’ has just been published in the European Journal of Risk Regulation. We are happy to announce that our article: Nudge and the manipulation of choice: A Framework for the Responsible Use of the Nudge Approach to Behaviour Change in Public PolicyThe European Journal of Risk RegulationPelle G.
Hansen & Andreas Maaløe Jespersen, pp. Vol. 4, #1, 2013. has just been published in The European Journal of Risk Regulation (EJRR). In the article we deal with the claim that nudges work through manipulation and thus are inappropriate as public tools for instigating behavioural change. Therefore, we carefully consider how different types of nudges fit into a automatic/reflective and transparent/in-transparent framework – leaving us with four different types of nudges in total, of which only one qualifies as the manipulation of choice. The ‘Big Gulp Ban’ - a nudge or not? Financial nudge: The classic example of “Save More Tomorrow”
People struggle to save enough for retirement, but a redesign of the pension plan can help. “Save More Tomorrow” is the classic financial nudge. By intern Johannes Schuldt-Jensen Medical and socieconomic advances are rapidly extending our expected lifetime. This is of course positive news as most of us would like to live long healthy lives.
However, it presents certain challenges – one of which is pension savings. As the expected lifetime continues to increase, so does the amount of time we spend in retirement, and thus how much money we need to live out our old age, in relative security and comfort. According to the “life cycle hypothesis”, people will solve this problem by themselves. This might not be the case, though. Saving for retirement is important While we may intend to save more, several obstacles tend to come in our way. A second factor, related to self-control, is procrastination. Your choice of pension plan potentially involves overcoming psychological barriers. Bureau virtuel de l'UNR Paca.
Quel avenir pour les Nudges en matière d’efficacité énergétique ? Futuribles. Case Feature: Nudging Adolescents into Registering Taxes. Nudging in 1's and 0's: Nudging litter into the bin with digital technology. Does health nudge experiment on buffet arrangement. 'Nudge' can be ethical choice. Top 10 Mistakes in Behavior Change. Untitled. Design with Intent | Design and human behaviour. 5 kitchen nudges to improve your health. Behavioral approaches to energy conservation pay off. Nudging traffic: How to save lives in a hurry. Beware Stubby Glasses. Nudge or push? Voluntary vs legislative approaches to public health.
Sticking to our New Year’s resolutions | Behavioural Insights Team (Nudge Unit) Copenhagen implements green footstep nudge. Untitled. The Nudgy State - By Joshua E. Keating. Writing exercises help jobseekers find work, claims government's nudge unit. People Hate Losses and That Affects U.S. Budget Talks. When push comes to nudge – playing on behaviours to generate healthy action | Translational Global Health.
Behavior change. Four jobs doing behavioral economics in the UK government | Decision Science News. How to Use Behavioral Design for Boosting Conversions (Using The Fogg Behavior Model) 9 Things to Know About Influencing Purchasing Decisions. 6 nudges to avoid adult binge drinking at X-mas. The Hindu Nudge? Economics and Psychology Research: Deciding by default: Lessons from behavioural economics. Behavioural Bulletin, 3rd edition | Behavioural Insights Team (Nudge Unit) Holiday Shopping Tips From Behavioral Economists. Learn How To Increase Your Conversions From These 5 Consumer Psychology Studies.
Bridging the Gap Between Behavioral Science and Health Care. Tendance économie comportementale : Le nudge. House of Lords - Behaviour Change - Science and Technology Committee.