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Empire of Brazil. Unlike most of the neighboring Hispanic American republics, Brazil had political stability, vibrant economic growth, constitutionally guaranteed freedom of speech and respect for civil rights of its subjects, albeit with legal restrictions on women and slaves, the latter regarded as property and not citizens. The empire's bicameral parliament was elected under comparatively democratic methods for the era, as were the provincial and local legislatures.

This led to a long ideological conflict between Pedro I and a sizable parliamentary faction over the role of the monarch in the government. He faced other obstacles. The unsuccessful Cisplatine War against the neighboring United Provinces of the Río de la Plata in 1828 led to the secession of a Brazilian province (later to become Uruguay). In 1826, despite his role in Brazilian independence, he became the king of Portugal; he immediately abdicated in favor of his eldest daughter.

Pedro I's successor was his five-year-old son, Pedro II. Brazilian Air Force. The Brazilian Air Force (Portuguese: Força Aérea Brasileira, FAB) is the air branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces and one of the three national uniformed services. The FAB was formed when the Army and Navy air branch were merged into a single military force initially called "National Air Forces".

Both air branches transferred their equipment, installations and personnel to the new force. According to the Flight International (Flightglobal.com) and the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the Brazilian Air Force has an active strength of 77,454 military personnel and operates around 743 aircraft.[2] The Brazilian Air Force is the largest air force in the Southern hemisphere and the second in the Americas after the United States Air Force. History[edit] Creation[edit] One of the main supporters of the plan to create an independent air arm was the then-president Getúlio Vargas. World War II[edit] From mid-1942 until the end of the war, the FAB also patrolled the Atlantic. Brazilian Navy. The Brazilian Navy (Portuguese: Marinha do Brasil) is the naval service branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces, responsible for conducting naval operations. The Brazilian Navy is the largest navy in South America and in Latin America, and the second largest navy in the Americas, after the United States Navy.[2] The navy was involved in Brazil's war of independence from Portugal.

Most of the Portugal's naval forces and bases in South America were transferred to the newly independent country. In the initial decades following independence, the country maintained a large naval force and the navy was later involved in the Cisplatine War, the River Plate conflicts, the Paraguayan War as well as other sporadic rebellions that marked Brazilian history.

Mission[edit] In addition to the roles of a traditional navy, the Brazilian Navy also carries out the role of organizing the merchant navy and other operational safety missions traditionally conducted by a coast guard. Other roles include: [edit] Brazilian real. The real (/reɪˈɑːl/; Brazilian Portuguese: [ʁeˈaw]; pl. reais) is the present-day currency of Brazil. Its sign is R$ and its ISO code is BRL. It is subdivided into 100 centavos ("hundredths"). The modern real was introduced in 1994, when it replaced the old currency, the cruzeiro, as part of the Plano Real, a substantial monetary reform package that aimed to put an end to three decades of rampant inflation. At the time it was meant to have approximately fixed 1:1 exchange rate with the United States dollar. It suffered a sudden devaluation to a rate of about 2:1 in 1999, reached almost 4:1 in 2002, then partly recovered and has been approximately 2:1 since 2006.

The exchange rate as of December 31, 2013 is BRL 2.36 to USD 1.00. In Portuguese the word real means both "royal" and "real". The dollar-like sign (cifrão) in the currency's symbol (both historic and modern), and in all the other past Brazilian currencies, is officially written with two vertical strokes ( History[edit] Users[edit] Brazilian Football Confederation. It was announced on September 29, 2007 that the CBF would launch a women's league and cup competition in October 2007 following pressure from FIFA president Sepp Blatter during the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup in China.[2][3] Presidents of CBF[edit] References[edit] External links[edit] Official site (Portuguese)FA site (English)Brazil at FIFA site.

Brazilian people. Brazilians (brasileiros in Portuguese, IPA: [bɾɐ̞ziˈlejɾus][4]) are all people born in Brazil. A Brazilian can be also a person born abroad to a Brazilian parent or a foreigner living in Brazil who acquired Brazilian citizenship. Who is a Brazilian? [edit] According to the Constitution of Brazil, a Brazilian citizen is: Anyone born in Brazil, even if to foreign parents.

However, if the foreign parents were at the service of a foreign State (such as foreign diplomats), the child is not Brazilian;Anyone born abroad to a Brazilian parent, with registration of birth in a Brazilian Embassy or Consulate. According to the Constitution, all people who hold Brazilian citizenship are equal, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender or religion. A foreigner can apply for Brazilian citizenship after living for 4 (four) uninterrupted years in Brazil and being able to speak Portuguese. The Portuguese prerogative[edit] Ethnic groups[edit] Overview[edit] Main article: Race in Brazil Main Brazilian ethnic groups. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Logo of IBGE "IBGE" redirects here. For the chemical abbreviated as ‘IBGe’, see Isobutylgermane. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE (Portuguese: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), is the agency responsible for statistical, geographic, cartographic, geodetic and environmental information in Brazil.

The IBGE performs a national census every ten years, and the questionnaires account for information such as age, household income, literacy, education, occupation and hygiene levels. Structure[edit] The IBGE is an institution of the Federal Government, constituted a public foundation by Decree Law No. 161 of February 13, 1967,[2] and is bound to the Brazilian Department of Planning, Budget and Management. The IBGE has a network of national research and dissemination components, comprising: The IBGE also maintains the Roncador Ecological Reserve, situated 35 km south of Brasília. System of national accounts[edit] Quarterly national accounts[edit] Archives[edit]

Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Brazilian jiu-jitsu (/dʒuːˈdʒɪtsuː/; Portuguese: [ˈʒiw ˈʒitsu], [ˈʒu ˈʒitsu], [dʒiˈu dʒiˈtsu]) (BJJ; Portuguese: jiu-jitsu brasileiro) is a martial art, combat sport, and a self defense system that focuses on grappling and especially ground fighting. Brazilian jiu-jitsu was formed from Kodokan Judo ground fighting (newaza) fundamentals that were taught by a number of individuals including Takeo Yano, Mitsuyo Maeda and Soshihiro Satake.

Brazilian jiu-jitsu eventually came to be its own art through the experiments, practices, and adaptation of the judo knowledge of Carlos and Hélio Gracie, who then passed their knowledge on to their extended family. History[edit] Origins[edit] Geo Omori opened the first jujutsu / judo school in Brazil in 1909. [5] He would go on to teach a number of individuals including Luiz França. Gastão Gracie was a business partner of the American Circus in Belém. Name[edit] Some confusion has arisen over the employment of the term 'jiudo'. Prominence[edit] Guards[edit] Brazil national football team. The Brazil national football team (Portuguese: Seleção Brasileira) represents Brazil in international men's football. Brazil is administered by the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF), the governing body for football in Brazil. They have been a member of the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) since 1923 and member of the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) since 1916.

Brazil is the most successful national football team in the history of the FIFA World Cup, with five championships: 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002. They are also the most successful team in the FIFA Confederations Cup with four titles. Brazil are the current holders of the FIFA Confederations Cup after winning the 1997, 2005, 2009, and 2013 edition of the tournament. The national team are currently ranked number 1 in the World Football Elo Ratings[4] and 6 in the FIFA World Ranking.

Brazil are the hosts of the 2014 World Cup and therefore automatically qualified for the tournament. Brazil. Brazil i/brəˈzɪl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [bɾaˈziw][8]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: República Federativa do Brasil, listen ),[9] is the largest country in both South America and the Latin American region. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population.[10] It is the largest Lusophone country in the world, and the only one in the Americas.[11] Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi).[12] It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest by Argentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay.

Etymology In the Guarani language, an official language of Paraguay, Brazil is called "Pindorama". History Pre-Cabraline era Ceramics produced by ancient complex societies living in the Santarém region. Colonization United Kingdom with Portugal. List of Brazil state name etymologies. São Paulo. São Paulo (/ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊloʊ/; Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈpawlu] ( The metropolis has the largest economy by GDP in Latin America and Southern Hemisphere.[5] São Paulo has significant cultural, economic and political influence both nationally and internationally. It is home to several important monuments, parks and museums such as the Latin American Memorial, the Museum of the Portuguese Language, São Paulo Museum of Art, Museum of Ipiranga and the Ibirapuera Park. Paulista Avenue is the most important financial center of São Paulo. The city holds high profile events, like the São Paulo Art Biennial, the Brazilian Grand Prix of Formula 1, Sao Paulo Fashion Week, ATP Brasil Open.

São Paulo hosts the world's largest gay pride parade. It is also the home of Brazilian television networks including SBT, Rede Globo and Gazeta. The city will be one of the host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. History[edit] Colonial period[edit] Foundation of St. The Bandeirantes[edit] Imperial Period[edit] Colonial Brazil. In contrast to the neighboring fragmented Spanish possessions, the Portuguese colony, built up by the Portuguese in Latin America, kept its territorial unity and linguistic integrity after independence, giving rise to the largest country in the region. [clarification needed] Pre-colonial history (1494–1530)[edit] Portugal and Spain pioneered the European discovery of sea routes that were the first and only channels of interaction between all of the world's continents, thus beginning the process of globalization. In addition to the adventurous undertaking of discovery and colonization of far-off lands, these years were filled with pronounced advancements in cartography, shipbuilding and navigational instruments, of which the Portuguese and Spanish explorers took advantage.[1] The Age of Exploration[edit] The European discovery of Brazil was preceded by a series of treaties between the kings of Portugal and Castile, which were the leading seafaring powers at the time.

Colonization[edit] Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1565, by the Portuguese, the city was initially the seat of the Captaincy of Rio de Janeiro, a captaincy of the Portuguese Empire. It later, in 1793, became the capital of the State of Brazil, a State of the Portuguese Empire. In 1808, when the Portuguese Royal Court transferred itself from Portugal to Brazil, Rio de Janeiro became the chosen seat of the court of Queen Maria I of Portugal, who subsequently, in 1815, under the leadership of her son, the Prince Regent, and future King João VI of Portugal, raised Brazil to the dignity of a kingdom, within the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves.

Rio stayed the capital of the pluricontinental Lusitanian monarchy until 1822, when the War of Brazilian Independence began. It subsequently served as the capital of the independent monarchy, the Empire of Brazil, until 1889, and then the capital of a republican Brazil until 1960. History[edit] View of Rio de Janeiro from the church of the monastery of São Bento c.1820-1825. Brazil women's national football team. The Brazil women's national football team represents Brazil in international women's association football. Brazil played their first game on July 22, 1986 against the United States.[1] The team finished the 1999 World Cup in the third place and the 2007 in second, losing to Germany in the final, 2-0. In 1998 and 1999, the team was the runner-up of the Women's U.S. Cup. Brazil won the silver medal twice in the Olympic Games, in 2004 and 2008, after getting fourth place in the two previous editions.

Brazil is the most successful women's national team in South America, having won the first four installments of the South-American Championships. World Cup record[edit] Sudamericano Femenino record[edit] Olympic Games[edit] Atlanta 1996 – 4th PlaceSydney 2000 – 4th PlaceAthens 2004 – Silver MedalBeijing 2008 – Silver MedalLondon 2012 – QuarterfinalsRio de Janeiro 2016 – Host Pan American Games record[edit] Current squad[edit] Recent call-ups[edit] Schedule and results[edit] Recent squads[edit] Brazilian military government. In 1961, Goulart was allowed to take office, under an arrangement that decreased his powers as President with the installation of Parliamentarianism.

The country returned to Presidential government in one year, and, as Goulart's powers grew, it became evident that he would seek to implement leftist policies such as land reform and nationalization of enterprises in various economic sectors, regardless of assent from established institutions such as Congress. Society became deeply polarized, with many fearing Brazil would join Cuba as party to the Communist Bloc in Latin America under Goulart. Influential politicians, such as Carlos Lacerda and even Kubitschek, media moguls (Roberto Marinho, Octávio Frias, Júlio de Mesquita Filho), the Church, landowners, businessmen, and the middle class[citation needed] called for a "counter-revolution" by the Armed Forces to remove the government.

[citation needed] On March 31, 1964, rebel troop operations went underway. Torture[edit] Brazilian Portuguese. Football in Brazil. Brazilian literature. Brazil national under-23 football team. Campeonato Brasileiro Série A. Brazil national basketball team. Recife. President of Brazil. Indigenous peoples in Brazil. Music of Brazil. History of Brazil. Foreign relations of Brazil. Brazil national baseball team. Constitution of Brazil. Independence of Brazil. A1 Team Brazil.