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Na'vi. Council of Elrond. Ardalambion. Of the Tongues of Arda, the invented world of J.R.R. Tolkien One of the most comprehensive sites about Tolkien's invented languages that you are likely to find on the net. NOTE: When I write á, é, í, ó, ú, I hope you see the vowels a, e, i, o, u with an accent on your screen. Similarly, I hope you see the same vowels with a circumflex when I write â, ê, î, ô, û (e.g. in Barad-dûr). When I write ä, ë, ö I hope you see a, e, o with a diaeresis (two dots over): Manwë, Eärendil, Eönwë. If some other weird characters turn up instead, at least you know what it should have read! Introduction: Why I made the siteAnd who am I anyway? The tongues of Arda: Quenya - the Ancient Tongue (see also Course)Sindarin - the Noble Tongue (sorry, I have no Sindarin course to go with the Quenya course above!) Invented languages from Tolkien's youth: Animalic - "crude in the extreme"Nevbosh - new nonsenseNaffarin - at least we know that "vrú" means ever Corpus Texts Analyzed: The Quest for Standard Sindarin: Guestbook:
Grammar of Verdurian. © 1997 by Mark Rosenfelder. All rights reserved. Fifth Edition. Introduction Verdurian-- known to its speakers as soa Sfahe, the Speech-- is the language of about 55 million people in the Caďinorian Plain in the southern hemisphere of Almea. It is the chief language in the kingdom of Verduria, in Ctésifon, Curiya, Svetla, Erenat, and many of the smaller Caďinorian principalities. It is also widely spoken in the Western Wild and in western Dhekhnam. As the language of the most progressive and powerful state in the South of Almea, it is also the lingua franca of the whole South, widely known to traders, scholars and diplomats as far as Inex, Moreo Ašcai, and Uytai. Verdurian is heavily dialectalized, regional dialects being found in each principality and Verdurian province. Only two other dialects have any literary development: those of Avéla (due to the importance of the city in the printing industry and as a center of the Eleďe religion) and Ctésifon (the former center of the Empire).