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Shock-absorbing 'goo' discovered in bone. Latest research shows that the chemical citrate – a by-product of natural cell metabolism – is mixed with water to create a viscous fluid that is trapped between the nano-scale crystals that form our bones.

Shock-absorbing 'goo' discovered in bone

This fluid allows enough movement, or 'slip', between these crystals so that bones are flexible, and don't shatter under pressure. It is the inbuilt shock absorber in bone that, until now, was unknown. If citrate leaks out, the crystals – made of calcium phosphate – fuse together into bigger and bigger clumps that become inflexible, increasingly brittle and more likely to shatter. This could be the root cause of osteoporosis. The team from Cambridge’s Department of Chemistry and Advanced Imaging Centre used a combination of NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, imaging and computational modelling with the Department of Physics and Astronomy at UCL to reveal the citrate layers in bone. "Bone mineral was thought to be closely related to this substance called hydroxyapatite. The Plum Flower Piles: Watch Your Step.

If you kept every Kung Fu training device stored in your garage you wouldn’t be able to squeeze in to practice yourself. 3000 years of invention have spawned everything from training equipment to a crowd of weird devices.

The Plum Flower Piles: Watch Your Step

Many of them are truly forgettable. And that’s not to mention all that Kung Fu equipment people think of as real but are really inventions of novelists starting around 1600 when books about the Shaolin Temple were hotter than the Twilight series. On the other hand many devices are pretty intriguing and can even be helpful for training. One famous method starts as simple wooden poles sunk into the ground. Driven to about a third of their total length these poles are now qualified to be called “piles.” Most martial artists are familiar with the Wing Chun wooden dummy. The Plum Blossom Piles These piles look so much like a cross between a torture instrument and a playground ride that movies and Kung Fu magazines love them. The Basic Piles Arrangement has 12 poles. How to Box: Basic Boxing Punches. Posted on 05.

How to Box: Basic Boxing Punches

Jan, 2012 by BoxingTrainingFitness in Basics If you are reading this, we assume you have already learned about basic boxing stance and footwork. Chances are when you wanted to learn how to box, punching is the part that excited you. And for good reason – punching is exciting. Punching is an exhilarating explosion of energy and muscle that is part raw ferocity, but also part trained precision. Basic Boxing Punches Boxing punches are typically assigned numbers so that when training you can refer to and call out punches quickly and without confusion.

Left JabStraight Right/Right CrossLeft HookRight HookLeft UppercutRight Uppercut You will notice a few things about these numbers.. First of all, all of the odd-numbered punches are thrown with your left hand, and all of the even-numbered punches are thrown with your right hand. Second, these punches are in pairs (1&2, 3&4, 5&6) that are the same, or similar punches but thrown with the opposite hand. Fighting “Southpaw” 1 – Left Jab.