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Catechism of the Catholic Church. See also: Credits IntraText CT is the hypertextualized text together with wordlists and concordances.Help: Overview - Text & search - Lists - Concordances - Glossary - For easier reading... - Table of Contents -See also: Index of footnotes Statistics and graphs (Occurrences: 250836. Words: 12492) Catholic New World - Wartime pontiff started tradition of papal peacemaking.

Vatican City — Among the various World War I-related anniversaries of this centennial year, the election of Pope Benedict XV, 100 years ago Sept. 3, is apt to be one of the less widely observed. Pope Benedict XV is the most obscure of the nine men who have led the Catholic Church over the last century — the title of his biography by historian John F. Pollard is “The Unknown Pope” — and in some ways, this negative distinction seems justified. His seven-and-a-half-year pontificate was relatively short and, with respect to his most prominent undertaking, spectacularly unsuccessful.

Yet Pope Benedict left a legacy of lasting significance for the papacy and the church as a whole in the vital area of teaching and practice on war and peace. Cardinal Giacomo della Chiesa of Bologna, Italy, was elected pope less than six weeks after the outbreak of the world war — and almost immediately started campaigning against it. U.S. He also left behind an enhanced Vatican diplomatic establishment. Hilary of Poitiers. Early life[edit] The Christians of Poitiers so respected Hilary that about 350 or 353,[4] they unanimously elected him their bishop.

At that time Arianism threatened to overrun the Western Church; Hilary undertook to repel the disruption. One of his first steps was to secure the excommunication, by those of the Gallican hierarchy who still remained orthodox Christians, of Saturninus, the Arian Bishop of Arles, and of Ursacius and Valens, two of his prominent supporters. About the same time, Hilary wrote[citation needed] to Emperor Constantius II a remonstrance against the persecutions by which the Arians had sought to crush their opponents (Ad Constantium Augustum liber primus, of which the most probable date is 355). Hilary spent nearly four years in exile, although the reasons for this banishment remain obscure. In exile[edit] In his classic introduction to the works of Hilary Watson summarizes Hilary’s points: “They were the forerunners of Antichrist. . . . Later life[edit] Romano Guardini. Romano Guardini in 1920 Romano Guardini (17 February 1885, Verona – 1 October 1968, Munich) was a Catholic priest, author, and academic.

He was one of the most important figures in Catholic intellectual life in the 20th century. Life and work[edit] Guardini was born in Verona, Italy in 1885. His family moved to Mainz when he was one year old and he lived in Germany for the rest of his life. After studying chemistry in Tübingen for two semesters, and economics in Munich and Berlin for three, he decided to become a priest. In 1923 he was appointed to a chair in Philosophy of Religion at the University of Berlin.

In 1945 Guardini was appointed professor in the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Tübingen and resumed lecturing on the Philosophy of Religion. Guardini died in Munich on 1 October 1968. Reputation and influence[edit] Romano Guardini on a German postage stamp. Selected bibliography[edit] Gottes Werkleute. Major works available in English[edit] Notes[edit] External links[edit]

Paul VI - Mense Maio. To His Venerable Brethren the Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, Bishops, and other Local Ordinaries who are at Peace and in Communion with the Apostolic See. Venerable Brethren, Health and Apostolic Benediction. The month of May is almost here, a month which the piety of the faithful has long dedicated to Mary, the Mother of God. Our heart rejoices at the thought of the moving tribute of faith and love which will soon be paid to the Queen of Heaven in every corner of the earth.

For this is the month during which Christians, in their churches and their homes, offer the Virgin Mother more fervent and loving acts of homage and veneration; and it is the month in which a greater abundance of God's merciful gifts comes down to us from our Mother's throne. 2. A Time For Special Prayers 3. 4. Way, to the needs of our day. The Work Ahead 5. 6. Plea to World Leaders 7. Our anxious concern and Our fears that these tensions may degenerate into a bloody war.

Criminal Acts Condemned 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. PAUL VI - Ecclesiam Suam. To His Venerable Brethren the Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, Bishops, and other Local Ordinaries who are at Peace and Communion with the Apostolic See, to the Clergy and faithful of the entire world, and to all men of good will. Venerable Brethren and Dearest Sons Health and Apostolic Benediction. The Church was founded by Jesus Christ to be the loving mother of the whole human family and minister to its salvation.

All through the centuries, therefore, whenever men have yearned for the glory of Almighty God and the eternal salvation of souls, they have naturally made the Church the special object of their devotion and concern. We find, of course, outstanding examples of such men in the persons of Christ's vicars on earth, countless thousands of bishops and priests, and a wonderful host of saintly Christians. 2. What the Encyclical Intends 3. 4. 5. What It Does Not Intend 6. 7. 8. Deeper Self-Knowledge Essential 9. 10.

Renewal the Inevitable Result 11. Dialogue To Be Extended 12. 13. 14. Populorum Progressio. To the Bishops, Priests, Religious, and Faithful of the Whole Catholic World, and to All Men of Good Will. Honored Brothers and Dear Sons, Health and Apostolic Benediction. The progressive development of peoples is an object of deep interest and concern to the Church. This is particularly true in the case of those peoples who are trying to escape the ravages of hunger, poverty, endemic disease and ignorance; of those who are seeking a larger share in the benefits of civilization and a more active improvement of their human qualities; of those who are consciously striving for fuller growth. The Church's Concern With an even clearer awareness, since the Second Vatican Council, of the demands imposed by Christ's Gospel in this area, the Church judges it her duty to help all men explore this serious problem in all its dimensions, and to impress upon them the need for concerted action at this critical juncture. 2.

A Problem for All Men 3. Our Journeys 4. Justice and Peace 5. 6. 7. The Widening Gap. Paul VI - Mysterium Fidei. To His Venerable Brothers the Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, Bishops and other Local Ordinaries in Peace and Communion with the Apostolic See, and to the Clergy and Faithful of the Entire World.

Venerable Brothers and Dear Sons, Health and Apostolic Benediction. The Mystery of Faith, that is, the ineffable gift of the Eucharist that the Catholic Church received from Christ, her Spouse, as a pledge of His immense love, is something that she has always devoutly guarded as her most precious treasure, and during the Second Vatican Council she professed her faith and veneration in a new and solemn declaration. 2. For if the sacred liturgy holds first place in the life of the Church, then the Eucharistic Mystery stands at the heart and center of the liturgy, since it is the font of life that cleanses us and strengthens us to live not for ourselves but for God and to be united to each other by the closest ties of love.

Reaffirmation by Vatican II 3. 4. Both Sacrifice and Sacrament Highlighted. Paul VI - Sacerdotalis Caelibatus. To the Bishops, Priests and Faithful of the Whole Catholic World. Priestly celibacy has been guarded by the Church for centuries as a brilliant jewel, and retains its value undiminished even in our time when the outlook of men and the state of the world have undergone such profound changes. Amid the modern stirrings of opinion, a tendency has also been manifested, and even a desire expressed, to ask the Church to re-examine this characteristic institution. It is said that in the world of our time the observance of celibacy has come to be difficult or even impossible. 2. This state of affairs is troubling consciences, perplexing some priests and young aspirants to the priesthood; it is a cause for alarm in many of the faithful and constrains Us to fulfill the promise We made to the Council Fathers.

Some Serious Questions 3. 4. 5. Let us look openly at the principal objections against the law that links ecclesiastical celibacy with the priesthood. The Fathers of the Church 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Paul VI - Christi Matri. To His Venerable Brothers the Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, Bishops and other Local Ordinaries in Peace and Communion with the Apostolic See. Venerable Brothers, Health and Apostolic Benediction. It is a solemn custom of the faithful during the month of October to weave the prayers of the Rosary into mystical garlands for the Mother of Christ. Following in the footsteps of Our predecessors, We heartily approve this, and We call upon all the sons of the church to offer special devotions to the Most Blessed Virgin this year. For the danger of a more serious and extensive calamity hangs over the human family and has increased, especially in parts of eastern Asia where a bloody and hard-fought war is raging. So We feel most urgently that We must once again do what We can to safeguard peace.

A Special Task from God 2. 3. A Very Grave Obligation 4. 5. Negotiations Must Begin 6. 7. Mary, Queen of Peace 8. The Value of the Rosary 9. 10. October 4th Observance 11. 12. An Appeal to Mary 13. 14. Humanae Vitae - Encyclical Letter of His Holiness Paul VI on the regulation of birth, 25 July 1968. New Questions 3. This new state of things gives rise to new questions. Granted the conditions of life today and taking into account the relevance of married love to the harmony and mutual fidelity of husband and wife, would it not be right to review the moral norms in force till now, especially when it is felt that these can be observed only with the gravest difficulty, sometimes only by heroic effort?

Moreover, if one were to apply here the so called principle of totality, could it not be accepted that the intention to have a less prolific but more rationally planned family might transform an action which renders natural processes infertile into a licit and provident control of birth? Could it not be admitted, in other words, that procreative finality applies to the totality of married life rather than to each single act? Interpreting the Moral Law 4. No member of the faithful could possibly deny that the Church is competent in her magisterium to interpret the natural moral law. 5. 6. Redemptoris Mater, John Paul II, March 25 1987. . Cf. Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, Dogmatic Constitution on the Church Lumen Gentium, 52 and the whole of Chapter VIII, entitled "The Role of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, in the Mystery of Christ and the Church.

" 2. The expression "fullness of time" (pleroma tou chronou) is parallel with similar expressions of Judaism, both Biblical (cf. Gen. 29:21; 1 Sam. 7:12; Tob. 14:5) and extra-Biblical, and especially of the New Testament (cf. Mk. 1:15; Lk. 21:24; Jn. 7:8; Eph. 1:10). 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. Dominum et vivificantem, John Paul II, 18 May 1986.

Sollicitudo rei socialis, 30 December 1987 - John Paul II. 11. In its own time the fundamental teaching of the Encyclical Populorum Progressio received great acclaim for its novel character. The social context in which we live today cannot be said to be completely identical to that of twenty years ago. For this reason, I now wish to conduct a brief review of some of the characteristics of today's world, in order to develop the teaching of Paul VI's Encyclical, once again from the point of view of the "development of peoples. " 12. The first fact to note is that the hopes for development, at that time so lively, today appear very far from being realized. In this regard, the Encyclical had no illusions. 13. For this reason, I wish to call attention to a number of general indicators, without excluding other specific ones. 14.

Perhaps this is not the appropriate word for indicating the true reality, since it could give the impression of a stationary phenomenon. 15. We should add here that in today's world there are many other forms of poverty. 16. Evangelium Vitae, John Paul II, 25 March 1995. The expression "Gospel of life" is not found as such in Sacred Scripture. But it does correspond to an essential dimension of the biblical message. 2 Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 22. 3 Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Redemptor Hominis (4 March 1979), 10; AAS 71 (1979), 275. 4 Cf. ibid., 14: loc.cit., 285. 5 Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 27. 6 Cf. 7 Ibid., loc.cit., p. 1294. 8 Letter to Families Gratissimam sane (2 February 1994), 4: AAS 86 (1994), 871. 9 John Paul II, Encyclical Letter Centesimus Annus (1 May 1991), 39: AAS 83 (1991), 842. 10 No. 2259. 11 Saint Ambrose, De Noe, 26:94-96: CSEL 32, 480-481. 12 Cf. 13 De Cain et Abel, II, 10, 38: CSEL, 32, 408. 14 Cf. 15 Address during the Prayer Vigil for the Eighth World Youth Day, Denver, 14 August 1993, II, 3: AAS 86 (1994), 419. 17 Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World Gaudium et Spes, 36. 18 Cf. ibid., 16. 19 Cf. 28 Cf. 39 Cf. 43 Cf.

Centesimus annus, Encyclical Letter on the hundreth anniversary of Rerum Novarum, 1 May 1991, John Paul II. Laborem Exercens, Encyclical Letter, John Paul II, 14 September 1981. Dives in Misericordia, John Paul II, 30 November 1980. 14. The Church Seeks To Put Mercy into Practice Jesus Christ taught that man not only receives and experiences the mercy of God, but that he is also called "to practice mercy" towards others: "Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy. "120 The Church sees in these words a call to action, and she tries to practice mercy. All the beatitudes of the Sermon on the Mount indicate the way of conversion and of reform of life, but the one referring to those who are merciful is particularly eloquent in this regard.

Man attains to the merciful love of God, His mercy, to the extent that he himself is interiorly transformed in the spirit of that love towards his neighbor. This authentically evangelical process is not just a spiritual transformation realized once and for all: it is a whole lifestyle, an essential and continuous characteristic of the Christian vocation. In this sense Christ crucified is for us the loftiest model, inspiration and encouragement. Ut unum sint, 25 May 1995 - John Paul II. Fides et Ratio, Encyclical Letter, John Paul II, 14 September 1998. Veritatis splendor, Encyclical Letter, John Paul II.

Redemptoris missio, Encyclical Letter, John Paul II. Encyclical Letter Ecclesia de Eucaristia, 17 April 2003. Redemptor Hominis, Encyclical Letter, 4 March 1979, John Paul II. Slavorum Apostoli, 2 June 1985, John Paul II. Spe Salvi - Encyclical Letter of His Holiness Benedict XVI on Christian Hope. "Caritas in veritate" - Encyclical Letter of His Holiness Benedict XVI. Deus Caritas Est - Encyclical Letter, Benedict XVI. Encyclical Letter Lumen fidei of the Supreme Pontiff Francis. Documents of the II Vatican Council.