KGB. The 1954 ukase establishing the KGB. A military service and was governed by army laws and regulations, similar to the Soviet Army or MVD Internal Troops. While most of the KGB archives remain classified, two on-line documentary sources are available.[1][2] Its main functions were foreign intelligence, counterintelligence, operative-investigatory activities, guarding the State Border of the USSR, guarding the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government, organization and ensuring of government communications as well as combating nationalism, dissent, and anti-Soviet activities.
After the dissolution of the USSR, the KGB was split into the Federal Security Service and the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation. After breaking away from the Republic of Georgia in the early 1990s with Russian help, the self-proclaimed Republic of South Ossetia established its own KGB (keeping this unreformed name).[3] Mode of operation[edit] History[edit] Sicherheitsdienst. Sicherheitsdienst (English: Security Service), full title Sicherheitsdienst des Reichsführers-SS, or SD, was the intelligence agency of the SS and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany. The organization was the first Nazi Party intelligence organization to be established and was often considered a "sister organization" with the Gestapo, which the SS had infiltrated heavily after 1934. Between 1933 and 1939, the SD was administered as an independent SS office, after which it was transferred to the authority of the Reich Main Security Office (Reichssicherheitshauptamt, or RSHA), as one of its seven departments/offices.[2] Following Germany's defeat in World War II, the SD was declared a criminal organisation at the Nuremberg Trials, along with the rest of Reinhard Heydrich's Reich Security Main Office (including the Gestapo) both individually and as branches of the SS whole.
Heydrich's successor Ernst Kaltenbrunner was sentenced to death, and hanged in 1946. History[edit] Organization[edit] Abwehr. Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung. The Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung (HVA) (en. Main Reconnaissance Administration) of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR, "East Germany") was the foreign intelligence service of the GDR and was an integral part of the GDR Ministry of State Security (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit / MfS). After the MfS was disbanded in 1990 its mode of operation was revealed to the public and the HVA was subjected to broad interest, as well as intensive research, which falls under the responsibilities of the Federal Commissioner for the Records of the State Security Service of the former German Democratic Republic (Official site). The end of the HVA and the discovery of its internal structure, its methods and its employees was an exceptional event, which to date is unique in modern history, after World War II.
The HVA is regarded as the most effective foreign intelligence service during the Cold War. Duties[edit] Focus[edit] In the early 1980s, military espionage began to gain significance. United States Intelligence Community. Among their varied responsibilities, the members of the Community collect and produce foreign and domestic intelligence, contribute to military planning, and perform espionage. The I.C. was established by Executive Order 12333, signed on December 4, 1981, by U.S. President Ronald Reagan.[1] The Washington Post reported in 2010 that there were 1,271 government organizations and 1,931 private companies in 10,000 locations in the United States that are working on counterterrorism, homeland security, and intelligence, and that the intelligence community as a whole includes 854,000 people holding top-secret clearances.[2] According to a 2008 study by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, private contractors make up 29% of the workforce in the U.S. intelligence community and cost the equivalent of 49% of their personnel budgets.[3] Etymology[edit] The term "Intelligence Community" was first used during Lt.
Gen. History[edit] Organization[edit] Members[edit] Programs[edit]