How Human Cloning Will Work" On July 5, 1996, the most famous sheep in modern history was born. Ian Wilmut and a group of Scottish scientists announced that they had successfully cloned a sheep named Dolly. If you stood Dolly beside a "naturally" conceived sheep, you wouldn't notice any differences between the two. In fact, to pinpoint the only major distinguishing factor between the two, you'd have to go back to the time of conception because Dolly's embryo developed without the presence of sperm. Instead, Dolly began as a cell from another sheep that was fused via electricity with a donor egg. While Dolly's birth marked an incredible scientific breakthrough, it also set off questions in the scientific and global community about what -- or who -- might be next to be "duplicated.
" Today, after more than a decade since Dolly, human cloning remains in its infancy. Scientists have cloned a variety of animals, including mice, sheep, pigs, cows and dogs. Reading comprehension, English comprehension. One of the greatest introduction to the scientific world in recent times must surely be the introduction of Dolly, a sheep in Britain. Dolly is no ordinary sheep. It is an exact replicate, genetically of another adult sheep. The successful cloning of Dolly has captured the imagination of a worldwide community. Its implications are simply mind-boggling. Prior to Dolly's birth, scientists once thought that the biological development of cells was irreversible. As an organism grows, its cells divide. Then, the cells become more specialized by switching on certain genes inside their nuclei and shutting down others. Pioneering experiments had begun as early as in 1970, when a team led by John Gurdon at the University of Cambridge transplanted nuclei from the skin cells of adult frogs into frog eggs lacking their own nuclei.
Now that an adult sheep has been cloned, there appears no reason why we could not do the same with humans. The idea itself is truly amazing and it is not impossible. HUMAN CLONING : 2009 Reality (5of5) HUMAN CLONING : 2009 Reality (5of5) 【91VOA Learn English】Debate Follows US Finding That Cloned Animals Are Safe. 【91VOA Learn English】 Scientists Clone Pigs to make Omega-3 Fatty Acids.wmv. Making Order From Life's Building Blocks | Special English | Learning English. FAITH LAPIDUS: This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS, in VOA Special English. I’m Faith Lapidus. BOB DOUGHTY: And I’m Bob Doughty. Today we talk about genes. They are parts of cells that control the growth of living things. FAITH LAPIDUS: Genetics, the study of genes, is gaining increasing importance.
Recently, for example, two separate research teams reported sequencing the genomes of several patients. This is the first time genomes of people suffering from disease have been completed. Experts say the results of the studies may help medical researchers develop treatments especially designed for individual patients. Doctors Richard Gibbs, left, and James Lupski BOB DOUGHTY: One of the studies involved Richard Gibbs and James Lupski of the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas. The second study involved researchers at the Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle, Washington.
FAITH LAPIDUS: The researchers were able to do their work because of the Human Genome Project. Making Order From Life's Building Blocks | Special English | Learning English. Debate Follows US Finding That Cloned Animals Are Safe | Special English | Learning English. This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report. The United States government has decided that food from cloned cattle, pigs and goats is safe to eat. The Food and Drug Administration also says it found no risks in meat and milk from offspring born to them. A clone is a genetic copy of an animal prized for its quality. A laboratory process develops a cell from the animal into an embryo.
The F.D.A. looked at studies for several years before it announced its decision in a final report this month. The idea of eating cloned animals rates low with the American public. The Food and Drug Administration will not require any product to be identified as coming from clones or their offspring. But activists argue that the F.D.A. based its decision on incomplete research into possible risks. Animal rights activists point out that cloning attempts often fail.
Congress has been trying to get the F.D.A. to do more studies. Products from cloning may not be widely available for several years. US Agency Says Cloned Animals Safe to Eat | Special English | Learning English. This is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report. The United States government wants to know what the public thinks about its findings on the safety of cloned animals. The Food and Drug Administration says meat and milk from clones of adult cattle, pigs and goats are safe to eat. An F.D.A. official called them "as safe to eat as the food we eat every day. " And when those clones reproduce sexually, the agency says, their offspring are safe to eat as well. The United States this year could become the first country to approve the sale of foods from cloned animals. First, however, the public will have ninety days to comment on three proposed documents. The agency says it must receive comments by April second. For now, the government will continue to ask producers to honor a request that they not sell foods from cloned animals.
Clones are still rare. Some people think farmers might find it difficult to export products from cloned animals. Cloning differs from genetic engineering. "Kara" by Quantic Dream.