Linear video editing. High-end linear editing suite (1999) Linear video editing is a video editing post-production process of selecting, arranging and modifying images and sound in a predetermined, ordered sequence. Regardless of whether it was captured by a video camera, tapeless camcorder, or recorded in a television studio on a video tape recorder (VTR) the content must be accessed sequentially. For the most part video editing software has replaced linear editing. Until the advent of computer-based random access non-linear editing systems (NLE) in the early 1990s "linear video editing" was simply called "video editing".
History[edit] Live television is still basically produced in the same manner as it was in the 1950s, although transformed by modern technical advances. Before videotape, the only way of airing the same shows again was by filming shows using a kinescope, essentially a video monitor paired with a movie camera. Early technology[edit] The disadvantages of physically editing tapes were many.
Non-linear editing system. Example of a non-linear video editing studio Linear and non-linear editing[edit] Non-linear editing is the most natural approach when all assets are available as files on video servers or hard disks, rather than recordings on reels or tapes—while linear editing is tied to the need to sequentially view film or hear tape.
[edit] Direct access[edit] Non-linear editing enables direct access to any video frame in a digital video clip, without needing to play or scrub/shuttle through adjacent footage to reach it, as was necessary with historical video tape linear editing systems. It is now possible to access any frame by entering directly the timecode or the descriptive metadata. An editor can, for example at the end of the day in the Olympic Games, ask to retrieve all the clips related to the players who received a gold medal. Basic techniques[edit] The NLE method is similar in concept to the "cut and paste" techniques used in film editing or in IT. Broadcast workflows and advantages[edit] Digital video. Digital video is a type of digital recording system that works by using a digital rather than an analog video signal.
The terms camera, video camera, and camcorder are used interchangeably in this article. History[edit] Starting in the late 1970s to the early 1980s, several types of video production equipment that were digital in their internal workings were introduced, such as time base correctors (TBC) and digital video effects (DVE) units (one of the former being the Thomson-CSF 9100 Digital Video Processor, an internally all-digital full-frame TBC introduced in 1980, and two of the latter being the Ampex ADO, and the Nippon Electric Corporation (NEC) DVE). They operated by taking a standard analog composite video input and digitizing it internally. This made it easier to either correct or enhance the video signal, as in the case of a TBC, or to manipulate and add effects to the video, in the case of a DVE unit. Overview of basic properties[edit] while some secondary formulas are: Aspect ratio (image) The aspect ratio of an image describes the proportional relationship between its width and its height.
It is commonly expressed as two numbers separated by a colon, as in 16:9. For an x:y aspect ratio, no matter how big or small the image is, if the width is divided into x units of equal length and the height is measured using this same length unit, the height will be measured to be y units. For example, consider a group of images, all with an aspect ratio of 16:9.
One image is 16 inches wide and 9 inches high. Another image is 16 centimeters wide and 9 centimeters high. A third is 8 yards wide and 4.5 yards high. The most common aspect ratios used today in the presentation of films in movie theaters are 1.85:1 and 2.39:1.[1] Two common videographic aspect ratios are 4:3 (1.33:1),[a] the universal video format of the 20th century, and 16:9 (1.77:1), universal for high-definition television and European digital television. Often, screen specifications are given by their diagonal length. Video. Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying and broadcasting of moving visual images. History[edit] Video technology was first[citation needed] developed for cathode ray tube (CRT) television systems, but several new technologies for video display devices have since been invented. Charles Ginsburg led an Ampex research team developing one of the first practical video tape recorder (VTR).
In 1951 the first video tape recorder captured live images from television cameras by converting the camera's electrical impulses and saving the information onto magnetic video tape. Video recorders were sold for $50,000 in 1956, and videotapes cost $300 per one-hour reel.[1] However, prices gradually dropped over the years; in 1971, Sony began selling videocassette recorder (VCR) decks and tapes to the public.[2] After the invention of the DVD in 1997 and Blu-ray Disc in 2006, sales of videotape and recording equipment plummeted.
Characteristics of video streams[edit] Aspect ratio[edit] Film. Featured Site Screensite. The most complete academic film and TV studies site on the Web. Excellent on production and cultural analysis. Key Sites Asian American Filmography. Online Articles Turning the Gaze Around and Orlando by Nuria Enciso on the formal feminist tactics in the film of Virginia Woolf's novel.Cleopatra Jones: 007: Blaxploitation, James Bond and Reciprocal Co-optation by Chris Norton exploring race and gender politics in the spy genre.Feminist Film Criticism:The Piano and the Female Gaze. by Diane Sacco revising the theory of the male gaze developed by Laura Mulvey.Fight Club’s Utopian Dick by Jonathan Beller exploring the sexual politics of the filmFight Club.Girls in Trouble, Again:Girl Interrupted by Cynthia Fuchs on the conservative gender politics of this Winona Rider/Angela Jolie film.Independence Day and the Renationalization of America by Scott Thrill on the racial, gender, and nationalistic implications of the filmIndependence Day.
Selected Film Genre Links.