Cédric Villani. Dimension fractale / Science et Art de l'analogie universelle - Arts / Numérisation / Fractals. Stephen Wolfram: Computing a theory of everything. Cellular Automata as Models of Complexity (1984) Cellular automata may also be characterized by the stability or predictability of their behaviour under small perturbations in initial configurations. Figure 2 shows differences in patterns generated by cellular automata resulting from a change in a single initial site value. Such perturbations have characteristic effects on the four classes of cellular automata: [ Figure 3 ] Evolution of various cellular automata from disordered initial states.