Iron Curtain. The Iron Curtain is depicted as a black/white line.
Warsaw Pact countries on one side of the Iron Curtain appear shaded red; NATO members on the other are shaded blue; militarily neutral countries are shaded grey. The black dot is Berlin. Yugoslavia, although it was communist-run, remained largely independent of the two major blocs and is shaded green. Communist Albania broke contacts with the Soviet Union in the early 1960s, aligning itself with the People's Republic of China after the Sino-Soviet split and is stripe-hatched by grey.
The Iron Curtain symbolized the ideological conflict and physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. Red Scare. A Red Scare is the promotion of fear of a potential rise of communism or radical leftism, used by anti-leftist proponents.
In the United States, the First Red Scare was about worker (socialist) revolution and political radicalism. The Second Red Scare was focused on national and foreign communists influencing society, infiltrating the federal government, or both. Sputnik crisis. Soviet stamp depicting Sputnik's orbit around Earth The Sputnik crisis was a period of public fear and uncertainty in the United States in the wake of the success of the Soviet Sputnik program and a perceived technological gap between the two superpowers.
It was a key Cold War event beginning with the launch of Sputnik 1, the first artificial Earth satellite, by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957.