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Horno 3 Steel Museum / Grimshaw | ArchDaily
Project team: Michael Blancato, Shane Burger, Vincent Chang, Paulo de Faria, Kenny Grossman, Christian Hoenigschmid-Grossich, William Horgan, Nieves Monasterio, Robert Stuart-Smith, Andrew Whalley, Chung Yeon Won, Richard Yoo, Casimir Zdanius © Grimshaw Horno³: Museo del Acero (the “Furnace #3 Steel Museum”) in Monterrey, Mexico, comprises a restoration of derelict 1960’s blast furnace and a new wing providing additional gallery space and museum facilities.Handbook Biological Wastewater Treatment - Design Theory - 8.3 Anaerobic Digestion
When activated sludge is kept in an anaerobic environment, specialised bacteria will develop that use the excess sludge as a source of organic matter for fermentative metabolic processes. The end products of the fermentation are mainly methane and carbon dioxide. The overall conversion process of complex organic matter into methane and carbon dioxide can be divided into four steps as shown in Figure 8.12: hydrolysis, acidification, acetogenesis and methanogenesis.
With increasing pressure to find alternatives to the landfill disposal of waste, in a new development, one UK water company is using advanced anaerobic digestion in its wastewater treatment process to generate biogas – and is using this in an on-site CHP unit. by Graham Neave At a time of heightened concerns about waste, climate change and the need for cleaner energy, it is worth pointing out that not all the news is bad. Technologies are redressing the balance – and one of these is advanced anaerobic digestion (AAD). AAD will not turn muck into brass, or indeed gold, but it does offer the potential to transform the sewage treatment process from a simple clean-up to one that recovers significant quantities of energy.
Advanced anaerobic digestion: More gas from sewage sludge - Waste Mangagement World
Advanced Anaerobic Digestion: More Gas from Sewage Sludge | Renewable Energy World Magazine Article
AAD will not turn muck into brass, or gold, but it does offer the potential to transform the sewage treatment process from a simple clean-up to one that recovers significant quantities of energy. In the Northumbrian Water region, in the north-east of England, there are more than 400 (437 to be exact) sewage treatment works that all produce varying amounts of sludge. This material has to be removed from every works but, inevitably, it is difficult to handle and, to say the least, rather smelly. To make this sludge stable to further degradation and (nearly) odour free, Northumbrian Water Ltd (NWL) has long employed anaerobic digestion techniques for about 10% of its total sludge. These technologies harness natural oxygen-free decomposition by which organic materials break down to produce biogas – roughly made up of 65% methane and 35% carbon dioxide – along with a much reduced residue of stabilized organic material.
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Mechanical biological treatment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Anaerobic digestion and air processing components of Lübeck mechanical biological treatment plant in Germany A mechanical biological treatment system is a type of waste processing facility that combines a sorting facility with a form of biological treatment such as composting or anaerobic digestion . MBT plants are designed to process mixed household waste as well as commercial and industrial wastes . The terms 'mechanical biological treatment' or 'mechanical biological pre-treatment' relate to a group of solid waste treatment systems . These systems enable the recovery of materials contained within the mixed waste and facilitate the stabilisation of the biodegradable component of the material. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The sorting component of the plants typically resemble a materials recovery facility .
Torrefaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Torrefaction removes moisture and volatiles from biomass, leaving bio-coal Torrefaction (French for roasting) of biomass e.g. wood can be described as a mild form of pyrolysis at temperatures typically ranging between 200 to 320 °C. During torrefaction the biomass properties are changed to obtain a much better fuel quality for combustion and gasification applications. Torrefaction leads to a dry product with no biological activity like rotting. Torrefaction combined with densification leads to a very energy dense fuel carrier of 20 to 25 GJ /ton lower heating value (LHV). [ 1 ] Torrefaction makes the material undergo Maillard reactions . Biomass can sometimes be an important energy source to create a more sustainable society. [ citation needed ] However, nature provides a large diversity of biomass with varying characteristics.
Laura Allen, a 33-year-old teacher from Oakland, California, has a famous toilet. To be honest, it's actually a box, covered in decorative ceramic tiles, sitting on the cement floor of her bathroom like a throne. No pipes lead to or from it; instead, a bucket full of shavings from a local wood shop rests on the box next to the seat with a note instructing users to add a scoopful after making their "deposit." Essentially an indoor outhouse, it's a composting toilet, a sewerless system that Allen uses to collect her household's excrement and transform it into a rich brown material known to fans as "humanure." Allen is a founding member of an activist group devoted to the end of sewage as we know it. Her toilet recently made an appearance in the Los Angeles Times—which might explain why she didn't seem surprised when I emailed her out of the blue to ask if I could use it.
Humanure: the end of sewage as we know it? | Environment | guardian.co.uk
In China, calling someone a caveman shouldn’t be taken as an insult – in fact, Mao Zedong lived in a cave before becoming the country’s leader. Today, many Chinese people still live in
Inhabitat - Green Design Will Save the World » Architecture
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If we recycle our own waste products, fertilizer production would automatically keep up with population growth The innocent looking water closet breaks up a natural cycle in our food supply. Basically, it turns extremely valuable resources into waste products. When we grow crops, we withdraw essential nutrients from the soil: potassium, nitrogen and phosphate, to name but the most important. During the greater part of human history, we recycled these nutrients through our bodies and returned them to the soil, via excreta, food trimmings and the burial of dead. Today, we flush them mostly into the sea (see the infographic below, source ).