Signs of Neanderthals Mating With Humans. Green-article-100507.pdf - Powered by Google Docs. Science/AAAS | Background - The Neandertal Genome. Targeted Investigation of the Neandertal Genome by Array-Based S. + Author Affiliations + Author Notes ↵† Present address: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ↵‡ Present address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA. ↵§ Deceased. ↵* These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract It is now possible to perform whole-genome shotgun sequencing as well as capture of specific genomic regions for extinct organisms. However, targeted resequencing of large parts of nuclear genomes has yet to be demonstrated for ancient DNA. The fossil record provides a rough chronological overview of the major phenotypic changes during human evolution.
Fig. 1 (A) Identification of protein-coding changes that are likely to have become fixed recently (red bar) in modern humans after the population split from Neandertals. The 88 recently fixed substitutions occur in 83 genes (tables S2 and S3). Fig. 2. A Draft Sequence of the Neandertal Genome -- Green et al. 328 (5. + Author Affiliations + Author Notes ↵‡ Present address: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ↵|| Present address: Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029, P.R. China. ↵¶ Deceased. ↵*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: green@eva.mpg.de (R.E.G.); reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu (D.R.); paabo@eva.mpg.de (S.P.) ↵§ These authors contributed equally to this work.
Abstract Neandertals, the closest evolutionary relatives of present-day humans, lived in large parts of Europe and western Asia before disappearing 30,000 years ago. The morphological features typical of Neandertals first appear in the European fossil record about 400,000 years ago (1–3). Neandertals are the sister group of all present-day humans. Substantial controversy surrounds the question of whether Neandertals interbred with anatomically modern humans. Paleontological samples. Fig. 1 Sequencing library construction.