Akkadian Empire. Coordinates: During the 3rd millennium BC, there developed a very intimate cultural symbiosis between the Sumerians and the Semitic Akkadians, which included widespread bilingualism.[5] Akkadian gradually replaced Sumerian as a spoken language somewhere around the turn of the 3rd and the 2nd millennia BC (the exact dating being a matter of debate).[6] The Akkadian Empire reached its political peak between the 24th and 22nd centuries BC, following the conquests by its founder Sargon of Akkad (2334–2279 BC). Under Sargon and his successors, Akkadian language was briefly imposed on neighboring conquered states such as Elam. Akkad is sometimes regarded as the first empire in history,[7] though there are earlier Sumerian claimants.[8] After the fall of the Akkadian Empire, the Akkadian people of Mesopotamia eventually coalesced into two major Akkadian speaking nations: Assyria in the north, and, a few centuries later, Babylonia in the south.
City-state of Akkad[edit] History[edit] Origins[edit] Marduk. Marduk (Sumerian spelling in Akkadian: AMAR.UTU 𒀫𒌓 "solar calf"; perhaps from MERI.DUG; Biblical Hebrew מְרֹדַךְ Merodach; Greek Μαρδοχαῖος,[1] Mardochaios) was the Babylonian name of a late-generation god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the city of Babylon, who, when Babylon became the political center of the Euphrates valley in the time of Hammurabi (18th century BCE), started to slowly rise to the position of the head of the Babylonian pantheon, a position he fully acquired by the second half of the second millennium BCE. In the city of Babylon, he resided in the temple Esagila.[2] According to The Encyclopedia of Religion, the name Marduk was probably pronounced Marutuk.
In the perfected system of astrology, the planet Jupiter was associated with Marduk by the Hammurabi period.[4] Mythology[edit] Marduk and his dragon Mušḫuššu, from a Babylonian cylinder seal Babylonian[edit] In the case of Ea, the transfer proceeded pacifically and without effacing the older god. Akkadian cuneiform script and Akkadian language. Akkadian was a semitic language spoken in Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria) between about 2,800 BC and 500 AD. It was named after the city of Akkad and first appeared in Sumerian texts dating from 2,800 BC in the form of Akkadian names. The Akkadian cuneiform script was adapted from Sumerian cuneiform in about 2,350 BC.
At the same time, many Sumerian words were borrowed into Akkadian, and Sumerian logograms were given both Sumerian and Akkadian readings. In many ways the process of adapting the Sumerian script to the Akkadian language resembles the way the Chinese script was adapted to write Japanese. Akkadian, like Japanese, was polysyllabic and used a range of inflections while Sumerian, like Chinese, had few inflections. A large corpus of Akkadian texts and text fragments numbering hundreds of thousands has been excavated.
Akkadian became the lingua franca of the ancient Near East, but started to be replaced by Aramaic by the 8th century BC. Notable features Sample text Links. SUMERIAN AND AKKADIAN DEITIES. Abbau: “Father of Bau,” God of Lagash. Abubu, Abuba (Akkad.): Cloud Burst, an ally of Marduk in his battle against Tiamat. Abzu: “Abode of Wisdom,” “Abyss,” the personified Watery Deep (Akkadian Apsu) Viz. Tamtu. Aliases: Bigirhush, Shuzianna. Adad, Addu (Akkad.): the Storm God. Agaku: Wrath-Love, Perfect Crown, Charm, a punning title of Marduk. Agilma: Creation-Waves, a title of Marduk. Alluhappu: “Hunting Net,” an underworld Demon. Alu: Diabolical One, a demon.
Ama-ushamgal-anna: “Mother Dragon of Heaven” or “Power in the Date Palm,” a title of Dumuzi. An: “Sky” or “High One,” the Sky God, Father of the Pantheon (Akkadian Anu). Anshar: the primordial Horizon (male). Anuna: “Skirmish,” an alias of Inanna. Anunnaki, Anunna: the Gods of the Lower Regions, the defeated rebel gods who built Marduk’s Babylon. Anunitum: “She of the Skirmish,” an alias of Inanna. Aranunna (Akkad.): “Counsellor,” a title of Marduk.
Arazu (Akkad.): Construction God. Aruru: Creator Goddess, mother of the hero Gilgamesh. So you want to learn Akkadian? | polyglossic.