Philosophy
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Cartesian doubt
Cartesian doubt is a form of methodological skepticism associated with the writings and methodology of René Descartes . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Cartesian doubt is also known as Cartesian skepticism , methodic doubt , methodological skepticism , or hyperbolic doubt . Cartesian doubt is a systematic process of being skeptical about (or doubting) the truth of one's beliefs, which has become a characteristic method in philosophy .
Philosophical skepticism
For a general discussion of skepticism, see Skepticism . Philosophical skepticism (from Greek σκέψις, skepsis meaning "enquiry"; UK spelling scepticism ) is both a philosophical school of thought and a method that crosses disciplines and cultures.Münchhausen Trilemma
Baron Münchhausen pulls himself out of a mire by his own hair (illustration by Oskar Herrfurth) The Münchhausen Trilemma (after Baron Münchhausen , who allegedly pulled himself and the horse on which he was sitting out of a swamp by his own hair ), also called Agrippa's Trilemma (after Agrippa the Skeptic ), is a philosophical term coined to stress the purported impossibility to prove any truth even in the fields of logic and mathematics.
Sextus Empiricus (c. 160 – 210 AD), was a physician and philosopher , and has been variously reported to have lived in Alexandria , Rome , or Athens . His philosophical work is the most complete surviving account of ancient Greek and Roman skepticism .