Harp. Various types of harps are found in Africa, Europe, North and South America and in Asia. In antiquity, harps and the closely related lyres were very prominent in nearly all cultures. The harp also was predominant with medieval bards, troubadors and minnesingers throughout the Spanish Empire. Harps continued to grow in popularity due to improvements in their design and construction through the beginning of the 20th century. Etymology[edit] The word harp derives from Old English hearpe, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch harp and German Harfe.[2] Terminology[edit] A number of non-harp-like instruments are colloquially referred to as "harps". The term "harp" has also been applied to many instruments which are not chordophones.
Origin[edit] Near East[edit] The origin of the harp goes back to Mesopotamia. Ancient Persian harps carved in stone India: ancient Tamil harps[edit] The works of the Tamil Sangam literature mention the yaaḻ harp parts and its types. India: ancient veena[edit] Europe[edit] Ballet. Classical bell tutus in The Dance Class by Degas, 1874 Ballet is a type of performance dance that originated in the Italian Renaissance courts of the 15th century and later developed into a concert dance form in France and Russia. It has since become a widespread, highly technical form of dance with its own vocabulary based on French terminology.
It has been globally influential and has defined the foundational techniques used in many other dance genres. Ballet requires years of training to learn and master, and much practice to retain proficiency. It has been taught in ballet schools around the world, which have historically used their own cultures to evolve the art. Etymology[edit] The word ballet comes from the French and was borrowed into English around 1630. History[edit] Despite the great reforms of Jean-Georges Noverre in the eighteenth century, ballet went into decline in France after 1830, though it was continued in Denmark, Italy, and Russia. Styles[edit] Classical ballet[edit] Positions of the feet in ballet. The positions of the feet in ballet is a fundamental part of classical ballet technique that defines proper placement of feet on the floor.
There are five basic positions of the feet in modern-day classical ballet, known as the first through fifth positions. These five positions were codified by the dancing master Pierre Beauchamp in the late 17th century. Two additional positions, known as the sixth and seventh positions, were codified by Serge Lifar in the 1930s while serving as Ballet Master at the Paris Opéra Ballet, though their use is limited to Lifar's choreographies.[1][2] The sixth and seventh positions were not really Lifar's inventions, but revivals of positions that already existed in the eighteenth century, at the time of Jean-Georges Noverre, when there were not five but ten positions for the feet in classical ballet.[3] Five basic positions[edit] First position[edit] First position Second position[edit] Second position Third position[edit] Third position Fourth position[edit]
Health risks of professional dance. Dance and health has been subject of a number of research studies which show dance to be a very healthy exercise. However there are a number of health risks of professional dance which require careful attention. As part of courtship dance is a reliable indicator of the dancer's health and intelligence. Benefits of dance[edit] Being in general an aerobic exercise, dance brings well known benefits, such as reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, weight control and other ones commonly associated with physical fitness. In addition, a considerable effect of dancing on psychological well-being is noted. A large amount of governmental, health and educational information is available extolling the benefits of dance for health.[1] Dance pads have proven useful in tackling obesity in young people and are welcomed in many schools for that reason.[2] An Italian study in 2006 has shown that dance is a very good exercise for heart patients compared to other aerobic exercises like cycling.
Arthritis. Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a form of joint disorder that involves inflammation of one or more joints.[1][2] There are over 100 different forms of arthritis.[3][4] The most common form, osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), is a result of trauma to the joint, infection of the joint, or age. Other arthritis forms are rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and related autoimmune diseases. Septic arthritis is caused by joint infection. Classification[edit] There are several diseases where joint pain is primary, and is considered the main feature.
Joint pain can also be a symptom of other diseases. An undifferentiated arthritis is an arthritis that does not fit into well-known clinical disease categories, possibly being an early stage of a definite rheumatic disease.[5] Signs and symptoms[edit] It is common in advanced arthritis for significant secondary changes to occur. Disability[edit] Diagnosis[edit] Osteoarthritis[edit]