Gorbachev and Yeltsin as Leaders. Examining the strategies employed by Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin to build leadership authority, George Breslauer focuses on the power of ideas, as leaders use them to mobilize support and to craft an image as effective problem solvers, indispensable consensus builders, and symbols of national unity.
Throughout the book, Breslauer compares Gorbachev and Yeltsin, and Khrushchev and Brezhnev, analyzing the changes in policy, the strategies, and the political dilemmas that are common to all four administrations. He addresses such questions as: Could Yeltsin have pursued a more beneficial path to a market economy, despite Western advisors and actions of the International Monetary Fund? For the chapters about Gorbachev, Breslauer was able to interview former members of the leader's politburo, including those who plotted Gorbachev's overthrow. Interested in how leaders make changes, Breslauer looks at how these leaders justified their actions and outflanked their opponents. JSTOR: World Affairs, Vol. 155, No. 4 (Spring 1993), pp. 156-168.
Gorbachev's Eurasian Strategy: The Dangers of Success and Failure.
Party Wikis. Dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) formally ceased to exist on 26 December 1991. The increasing political unrest led the establishment of the Soviet military and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to attempt a coup d'état to oust Mikhail Gorbachev and re-establish a strong central regime in August 1991.[2] On December 26, 1991, the dissolution of the Soviet Union was finalized by declaration no. 142-H of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union,[1] acknowledging the independence of the twelve republics of the Soviet Union, and creating the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
On the previous day, 25 December 1991, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev had resigned, declaring his office extinct, and handed over the Soviet nuclear missile launching codes to Russian President Boris Yeltsin. That same evening at 7:32 P.M. the Soviet flag was lowered from the Kremlin for the last time and replaced with the Russian tricolor. 1985[edit] New Thinking: Foreign Policy under Gorbachev.
Russia Table of Contents "New Thinking" was Gorbachev's slogan for a foreign policy based on shared moral and ethical principles to solve global problems rather than on Marxist-Leninist concepts of irreconcilable conflict between capitalism and communism. Rather than flaunt Soviet military power, Gorbachev chose to exercise political influence, ranging from the enhancement of diplomatic relations and economic cooperation to personally greeting the public in spur-of-the-moment encounters at home and abroad.
Gorbachev used the world media skillfully and made previously unimaginable concessions in the resolution of regional conflicts and arms negotiations. In addition to helping the Soviet Union gain wider acceptance among the family of nations, the New Thinking's conciliatory policies toward the West and the loosening of Soviet control over Eastern Europe ultimately led to the collapse of communism and the end of the Cold War. Gorbachev's foreign policy won him much praise and admiration. Understanding Gorbachev ' s foreign policy: A methodological note. Shaping actors, shaping factors in Russia's future - Paul Gerd Löser, European Commission. Forward Studies Unit - Google Books. Beyond Perestroika: The Future Of Gorbachev's USSR.
Thinking New About Soviet "New Thinking." Soviet Foreign Policy: New Dynamics, New Themes. The primacy of politics in shaping Russian democracy. Volume 43, Issue 4, December 2010, Pages 397–408 The New Authoritarianism in the Former Soviet Union Edited By Lucan Way Abstract Violations of rights, a weak Duma, political parties dominated by bureaucrats, and corrupt privatization are ordinarily taken as signs or even causes of the failure of democracy in Russia or at best as normal traits of electoral politics in a middle-income state.
Yet all of these are natural consequences of introducing democracy in a country with the Russian electorate’s distinctive recent experience of a loss of a third of the state’s territory and half its population. Keywords Democracy; Democratization; Privatization; Constitution; Russia; Elections; Legislature; Presidency; Parties; Authoritarianism; Transition. Discussions of international relations in post-communism Russia. Volume 37, Issue 1, March 2004, Pages 19–35 New Directions in Russian International Studies Abstract The article describes the progress in Russian theoretical thinking about the world. The author reviews the post-Soviet IR discussions and traces how they progressed from one paradigm to another in response to shifts in social issues and political agenda. Keywords International relations; Social science; Paradigm; Realism; Liberalism; Foreign policy. Suche.
Suche. Lenin: The War and Russian Social-Democracy. Lenin: The Tasks of Revolutionary Social-Democracy in the European War. Aussichten für die Sozialdemokratie im heutigen Russland.