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Detroit police inspecting equipment found in a clandestine brewery during the Prohibition era Prohibition in the United States was a national ban on the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcohol , in place from 1920 to 1933. [ 1 ] The dry movement was led by rural Protestants in both political parties, and was coordinated by the Anti-Saloon League . The ban was mandated by the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution , and the Volstead Act set down the rules for enforcing the ban and defined the types of alcoholic beverages that were prohibited. Private ownership and consumption of alcohol was not made illegal.
National prohibition of alcohol (1920-33)—the “noble experiment”—was undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America. The results of that experiment clearly indicate that it was a miserable failure on all counts. The evidence affirms sound economic theory, which predicts that prohibition of mutually beneficial exchanges is doomed to failure. The lessons of Prohibition remain important today. They apply not only to the debate over the war on drugs but also to the mounting efforts to drastically reduce access to alcohol and tobacco and to such issues as censorship and bans on insider trading, abortion, and gambling. [1] Although consumption of alcohol fell at the beginning of Prohibition, it subsequently increased.
Jeffrey A. Miron, Boston University The prohibition of alcohol, 1920-1933, is one of the most interesting policy experiments in U.S. history.