The History of Information (III)
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Waste book - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A waste book was one of the books traditionally used in bookkeeping . It comprised a daily diary of all transactions in chronological order. [ 1 ] It differs from a daybook in that only a single waste book is kept, rather than a separate daybook for each of several categories. The waste book was intended for temporary use only; the information needed to be transcribed into a journal in order to begin to balance one's accounts. [ 2 ] The name of the book derives from the fact that, once its information was transferred to the journal, the waste book was unneeded. [ 3 ]
Why Study Accounting History? The history of accounting is as old as civilization, key to important phases of history, among the most important professions in economics and business, and fascinating. Accountants participated in the development of cities, trade, and the concepts of wealth and numbers. Accountants invented writing, participated in the development of money and banking, invented double entry bookkeeping that fueled the Italian Renaissance, saved many Industrial Revolution inventors and entrepreneurs from bankruptcy, helped develop the confidence in capital markets necessary for western capitalism, and are central to the information revolution that is transforming the global economy. There are no household names among the accounting innovators; in fact, virtually no names survive before the Italian Renaissance.
Accounting History Page
John Harrison - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
John Harrison (24 March 1693 – 24 March 1776) was a self-educated English carpenter and later a clockmaker . He invented the marine chronometer , a long-sought device in solving the problem of establishing the East-West position or longitude of a ship at sea, thus revolutionising and extending the possibility of safe long distance sea travel in the Age of Sail . The problem was considered so intractable that the British Parliament offered a prize of £ 20,000 (comparable to £2.87 million in modern currency) for the solution. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The first model of the Antikythera Mechanism was actually build in the 1930s by Ioannis Theofanides. A model based on Price's work was built in the 1980s by Robert Deroski and donated by Price to the National Archaeological Museum in Athens. In Australia, clockmaker Frank Percival made a model based on the research done by Allan Bromley and Michael Wright, who subsequently developed his own model.
The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project
The Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 (c.23) (also known as Chesterfield's Act after Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield ) is an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain . It reformed the calendar of England and British Dominions so that a new year began on 1 January rather than 25 March ( Lady Day ) and would run according to the Gregorian calendar , as used in most of western Europe . attended with divers inconveniences, not only as it differs from the usage of neighbouring nations, but also from the legal method of computation in Scotland, and from the common usage throughout the whole kingdom, and thereby frequent mistakes are occasioned in the dates of deeds and other writings, and disputes arise therefrom. [ 1 ]
Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial, or administrative purposes. This is done by giving names to periods of time , typically days , weeks , months , and years . The name given to each day is known as a date . Periods in a calendar (such as years and months) are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon . Many civilizations and societies have devised a calendar, usually derived from other calendars on which they model their systems, suited to their particular needs. A calendar is also a physical device (often paper).
Calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gregorian calendar - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Gregorian calendar , also called the Western calendar and the Christian calendar , is the internationally accepted civil calendar . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It was introduced by Pope Gregory XIII , after whom the calendar was named, by a decree signed on 24 February 1582; the decree, a papal bull , is known by its opening words, Inter gravissimas . [ 4 ] The reformed calendar was adopted later that year by a handful of countries, with other countries adopting it over the following centuries. The motivation for the Gregorian reform was that the Julian calendar assumes that the time between vernal equinoxes is 365.25 days, when in fact it is presently almost exactly 11 minutes shorter. The error between these values accumulated at the rate of about three days every four centuries, resulting in the equinox being on March 11 (an accumulated error of about 10 days) and moving steadily earlier in the Julian calendar at the time of the Gregorian reform.
Manuel Castells ( Spanish name : Manuel Castells Oliván , born in Hellín , Albacete , Spain , in 1942) is a sociologist especially associated with information society and communication research. The 2000–09 research survey of the Social Sciences Citation Index ranks him as the world’s fifth most-cited social science scholar, and the foremost-cited communication scholar. [ 1 ] Manuel Castells was raised primarily in Barcelona . Although from a conservative family, he was politically active in the student anti- Franco movement, an adolescent political activism that forced him to flee Spain for France.
Manuel Castells - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The term Network Society describes several different phenomena related to the social, political, economic and cultural changes caused by the spread of networked, digital information and communications technologies. A number of academics (see below) are credited with coining the term since the 1990's and several competing definitions exist. The intellectual origins of the idea can be traced back to the work of early social theorists such as Georg Simmel who analyzed the effect of modernization and industrial capitalism on complex patterns of affiliation, organization, production and experience. [ edit ] Origins
Network society - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Job by Sinclair Lewis - Project Gutenberg
Copyright-evidence: Evidence reported by Alyson-Wieczorek for item americaninstruct00bent on February 6, 2008: no visible notice of copyright; stated date is 1824.
The American instructor : calculated to succeed the English and other spelling-books containing a selection of the principal part of the words in common use divided, accented, defined and their pronunciation accurately pointed out. Adapted to the orthogra
The Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (15 May 1689 – 21 August 1762) was an English aristocrat and writer. Montagu is today chiefly remembered for her letters, particularly her letters from Turkey, as wife to the British ambassador, which have been described by Billie Melman as “the very first example of a secular work by a woman about the Muslim Orient”. [ 1 ] [ edit ] Early Life Lady Mary Pierrepont was born in London on May 15, 1689; her baptism took place on May 26 at St.
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The first issue of the Journal des sçavans (title page) The Journal des sçavans (later renamed Journal des savants ), founded by Denis de Sallo , was the earliest academic journal published in Europe, that from the beginning also carried a proportion of material that would not now be considered scientific, such as obituaries of famous men, church history, and legal reports. [ 1 ] The first edition appeared as a twelve page quarto pamphlet [ 2 ] on Monday, 5 January 1665. [ 3 ] This was shortly before the first appearance of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , on 6 March 1665. [ 4 ] The journal ceased publication in 1792, during the French Revolution , and, although it very briefly reappeared in 1797 under the updated title Journal des savants , it did not re-commence regular publication until 1816. From then on, the Journal des savants became more of a literary journal , and ceased to carry significant scientific material. [ 1 ] [ 5 ]
Journal des sçavans - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joseph Moxon (8 August 1627 - February 1691 [ 1 ] ), hydrographer to Charles II , was an English printer of mathematical books and maps, a maker of globes and mathematical instruments , and mathematical lexicographer . He produced the first English language dictionary devoted to mathematics. In November 1678, he became the first tradesman to be elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society . Between the ages of around 9 and 11, Moxon accompanied his father, James Moxon, to Delft and Rotterdam where he was printing English Bibles. It was at this time that Moxon learned the basics of printing.
Joseph Moxon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cover of the first volume of Phil. Trans. , covering the years 1665 and 1666 The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society ( Phil. Trans. ) is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society of London. It was established in 1665, [ 1 ] making it the first journal in the world exclusively devoted to science, and it has remained in continuous publication ever since, making it the world's longest-running scientific journal.